Nöroaksiyel Dışı Analjezi Teknikleri

Moscoso J. History of Labor Pain Relief. Epidural Labor Analgesia: Springer; 2015. p. 49-61.

Park K. Secrets of women: gender, generation, and the origins of human dissection: Zone Books New York; 2006.

Maygrier JP. Midwifery illustrated: Moore & Payne; 1833.

Stolberg M. The monthly malady: a history of premenstrual suffering. Medical history. 2000;44(3):301-22.

Simpson JY. Report on the Early History and Progress of Anaesthetic Midwifery. Monthly Journal of Medical Science. 1848;3(28):209.

Simpson JY. Anaesthetic midwifery: report on its early history and progress: Sutherland & Knox; 1848.

Williams AS. Women & childbirth in the twentieth century: a history of the National Birthday Trust Fund 1928-93: Sutton; 1997.

Williams JW. Obstetrics: A Text-book for the Use of Students and Practitioners: Appleton; 1903.

Obstetricians ACo, Practice GCoO. ACOG committee opinion no. 339: analgesia and cesarean delivery rates. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(6):1487-8.

Lally JE, Murtagh MJ, Macphail S, Thomson R. More in hope than expectation: a systematic review of women's expectations and experience of pain relief in labour. BMC medicine. 2008;6(1):7.

Kayaalp S, Farmakoloji RTYT. Pelikan Yayıncılık. Ankara; 2012.

Collins E, Turner G. Maternal effects of regular salicylate ingestion in pregnancy. The Lancet. 1975;306(7930):335-8.

Gökçimen A, Malas MA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatuvar ilaçların gebelikteki toksisiteleri ile ilgili literatürlerin gözden geçirilmesi. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2003;10(3).

Bozkurt M, Uçar D. Gebelikte Romatoid Artrit Tedavisi: Derleme. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi. 2013;5(2):62-9.

Reynolds F, Sharma SK, Seed PT. Analgesia in labour and fetal acid–base balance: a meta-analysis comparing epidural with systemic opioid analgesia. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002;109(12):1344-53.

Halpern SH, Muir H, Breen TW, Campbell DC, Barrett J, Liston R, et al. A multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing patient-controlled epidural with intravenous analgesia for pain relief in labor. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2004;99(5):1532-8.

Tuckey JP, Prout RE, Wee MYK. Prescribing intramuscular opioids for labour analgesia in consultant-led maternity units: a survey of UK practice. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia. 2008;17(1):3-8.

Reynolds F. Labour analgesia and the baby: good news is no news. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia. 2011;20(1):38-50.

Nissen E, Widström A-M, Lilja G, Matthiesen A-S, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Jacobsson G, et al. Effects of routinely given pethidine during labour on infants' developing breastfeeding behaviour. Effects of dose-delivery time interval and various concentrations of pethidine/norpethidine in cord plasma. Acta Paediatrica. 1997;86(2):201-8.

Peck TE, Hill SA. Pharmacology for anaesthesia and intensive care: Cambridge University Press; 2014.

Elbohoty AEH, Abd-Elrazek H, Abd-El-Gawad M, Salama F, El-Shorbagy M, Abd-El-Maeboud KHI. Intravenous infusion of paracetamol versus intravenous pethidine as an intrapartum analgesic in the first stage of labor. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2012;118(1):7-10.

Tsui MHY, Ngan Kee WD, Ng FF, Lau TK. A double blinded randomised placebo-controlled study of intramuscular pethidine for pain relief in the first stage of labour. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2004;111(7):648-55.

Sasada M, Smith S, Perks W, Houston P. Drugs in Anaesthesia & intensive Care. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-Journal Canadien d'Anesthesie. 1998;45(5):499.

Way WL, Costley EC, Leong Way E. Respiratory sensitivity of the newborn infant to meperidine and morphine. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 1965;6(4):454-61.

Gerdin E, Salmonson T, Lindberg B, Rane A. Maternal kinetics of morphine during labour. Journal of perinatal medicine. 1990;18(6):479-87.

Olofsson C, Ekblom A, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Hjelm A, Irestedt L. Lack of analgesic effect of systemically administered morphine or pethidine on labour pain. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1996;103(10):968-72.

Craft JJ, Coaldrake LA, Bolan JC, Mondino M, Mazel P, Gilman RM, et al. Placental passage and uterine effects of fentanyl. Anesthesia and analgesia. 1983;62(10):894-8.

Rayburn W, Rathke A, Leuschen MP, Chleborad J, Weidner W. Fentanyl citrate analgesia during labor. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1989;161(1):202-6.

Claahsen-van der Grinten HL, Verbruggen I, van den Berg PP, Sporken JMJ, Kollée LAA. Different pharmacokinetics of tramadol in mothers treated for labour pain and in their neonates. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2005;61(7):523-9.

Keskin HL, Aktepe Keskin E, Avsar AF, Tabuk M, Caglar GS. Pethidine versus tramadol for pain relief during labor. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2003;82(1):11-6.

Viegas OAC, Khaw B, Ratnam SS. Tramadol in labour pain in primiparous patients. A prospective comparative clinical trial. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 1993;49(3):131-5.

Khooshideh M, Shahriari A. A comparison of tramadol and pethidine analgesia on the duration of labour: A randomised clinical trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2009;49(1):59-63.

Mcintosh DG, Rayburn WF. Patient-controlled analgesia in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstetrics and gynecology. 1991;78(6):1129-35.

Isenor L, Penny-MaCgillivray T. Intravenous Meperidine Infusion for Obstetric Analgesia. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing. 1993;22(4):349-56.

Douma MR, Verwey RA, Kam-Endtz CE, van der Linden PD, Stienstra R. Obstetric analgesia: a comparison of patient-controlled meperidine, remifentanil, and fentanyl in labour. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2010;104(2):209-15.

Rayburn W, Smith CV, Leuschen M, Hoffman K, Flores C. Comparison of patient-controlled and nurse-administered analgesia using intravenous fentanyl during labor. Anesthesiology review. 1991;18(1):31-6.

Nikkola EM, Ekblad UU, Kero PO, Alihanka JJ, Salonen MA. Intravenous fentanyl PCA during labour. Canadian journal of anaesthesia. 1997;44(12):1248-55.

Leppä M, Korvenoja A, Carlson S, Timonen P, Martinkauppi S, Ahonen J, et al. Acute opioid effects on human brain as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. NeuroImage. 2006;31(2):661-9.

Kan Re, Hughes Sc, Rosen Ma, Kessin C, Preston Pg, Lobo Ep. Intravenous Remifentanil: Placental Transfer, Maternal And Neonatal Effects. Survey Of Anesthesiology. 1999;43(2):84.

Thurlow JA, Laxton CH, Dick A, Waterhouse P, Sherman L, Goodman NW. Remifentanil by patient-controlled analgesia compared with intramuscular meperidine for pain relief in labour. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2002;88(3):374-8.

Ng TKT, Cheng BCP, Chan WS, Lam KK, Chan MTV. A double-blind randomised comparison of intravenous patient-controlled remifentanil with intramuscular pethidine for labour analgesia*. Anaesthesia. 2011;66(9):796-801.

Evron S, Glezerman M, Sadan O, Boaz M, Ezri T. Remifentanil: a novel systemic analgesic for labor pain. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2005;100(1):233-8.

Blair JM, Dobson GT, Hill DA, McCracken GR, Fee JPH. Patient controlled analgesia for labour: a comparison of remifentanil with pethidine*. Anaesthesia. 2005;60(1):22-7.

Volmanen P, Akural EI, Raudaskoski T, Alahuhta S. Remifentanil in obstetric analgesia: a dose-finding study. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2002;94(4):913-7.

Blair JM, Hill DA, Fee JPH. Patient-controlled analgesia for labour using remifentanil: a feasibility study. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2001;87(3):415-20.

Balki M, Kasodekar S, Bernstein P, Carvalho JC. Remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia for labour: optimizing drug delivery regimens. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie. 2007;54(8):626-33.

Balcioglu O, Akin S, Demir S, Aribogan A. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with remifentanil in nulliparous subjects in labor. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2007;8(18):3089-96.

Birnbach DJ, Soens M, Zbeidy R, Ranasinghe JS, Penning D, editors. Preemptive remifentanil analgesia modality (PRAM): a new paradigm for intravenous labor analgesia. Annual Meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, New Orleans, LA; 2009.

Yoo KY, Lee JC, Yoon MH, Shin M-H, Kim SJ, Kim YH, et al. The effects of volatile anesthetics on spontaneous contractility of isolated human pregnant uterine muscle: a comparison among sevoflurane, desflurane, isoflurane, and halothane. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2006;103(2):443-7.

Yildiz K, Dogru K, Dalgic H, Serin I, Sezer Z, Madenoglu H, et al. Inhibitory effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on oxytocin‐induced contractions of isolated pregnant human myometrium. Acta anaesthesiologica scandinavica. 2005;49(9):1355-9.

Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Uygulamaları Yönetmeliği, md. 3. 27.10.2014.

Avcıbay B, Alan S. Nonpharmacological methods for management of labor pain. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2011;4(3):18-24.

Loayza IMB, Solà I, Prats CJ. Biofeedback for pain management during labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011(6).

Ergin A. Doğumun I. ve II. Evresinde Gebeye Uygulatılan Pozisyonların Doğum Sürecine Etkisi. MÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü: Doktora Tezi, İstanbul,(Danışman: Prof. Dr. N. Kömürcü); 2005.

Simkin PP, O'Hara M. Nonpharmacologic relief of pain during labor: systematic reviews of five methods. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2002;186(5):S131-S59.

Gupta JK, Sood A, Hofmeyr GJ, Vogel JP. Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia. Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2017(5).

Simkin P, Bolding A. Update on nonpharmacologic approaches to relieve labor pain and prevent suffering. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 2004;49(6):489-504.

Freeman R, Macaulay A, Eve L, Chamberlain G, Bhat A. Randomised trial of self hypnosis for analgesia in labour. British medical journal (Clinical research ed). 1986;292(6521):657.

Landolt AS, Milling LS. The efficacy of hypnosis as an intervention for labor and delivery pain: a comprehensive methodological review. Clinical psychology review. 2011;31(6):1022-31.

Tournaire M, Theau-Yonneau A. Complementary and alternative approaches to pain relief during labor. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2007;4(4):409-17.

Huntley AL, Coon JT, Ernst E. Complementary and alternative medicine for labor pain: a systematic review. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2004;191(1):36-44.

Smith CA, Collins CT, Crowther CA, Levett KM. Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011(7).

Ersanli C. İndüksiyon Uygulanan Primipar Gebelere Travayda Verilen Eğitim Ile Dinletilen Müziğin Doğum Sürecine Etkisi.

Carroll D, Tramèr M, McQuay H, Nye B, Moore A. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in labour pain: a systematic review. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1997;104(2):169-75.

Kaplan B, Rabinerson D, Lurie S, Bar J, Krieser U, Neri A. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for adjuvant pain‐relief during labor and delivery. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 1998;60(3):251-5.

Måtensson L, Wallin G. Labour pain treated with cutaneous injections of sterile water: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1999;106(7):633-7.

Trolle B, Moller M, Kronberg H, Thomsen S. The Effect Of Sterile Water Blocks On Low Back Labor Pain. Survey Of Anesthesiology. 1992;36(2):71-2.

Labrecque M, Nouwen A, Bergeron M, Rancourt J-F. A randomized controlled trial of nonpharmacologic approaches for relief of low back pain during labor. Journal of family practice. 1999;48:259-63.

Brown ST, Douglas C, Flood LP. Women's evaluation of intrapartum nonpharmacological pain relief methods used during labor. The journal of perinatal education. 2001;10(3):1.

Dahlen HG, Homer CS, Cooke M, Upton AM, Nunn RA, Brodrick BS. ‘Soothing the ring of fire’: Australian women's and midwives’ experiences of using perineal warm packs in the second stage of labour. Midwifery. 2009;25(2):e39-e48.

Albers LL, Sedler KD, Bedrick EJ, Teaf D, Peralta P. Midwifery care measures in the second stage of labor and reduction of genital tract trauma at birth: a randomized trial. Journal of midwifery & women's health. 2005;50(5):365-72.

Erdine SA. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri Ltd. Şti, İstanbul. 2007.

Kömürcü N, Ergin AB. Doğum ağrısı ve yönetimi: Bedray; 2008.

Balaskas J. New active birth: a concise guide to natural childbirth: HarperCollins UK; 1990.

Cassileth BR, Vickers AJ. Massage therapy for symptom control: outcome study at a major cancer center. Journal of pain and symptom management. 2004;28(3):244-9.

Kutner JS, Smith MC, Corbin L, Hemphill L, Benton K, Mellis BK, et al. Massage therapy versus simple touch to improve pain and mood in patients with advanced cancer: a randomized trial. Annals of internal medicine. 2008;149(6):369-79.

Mamuk R, Davas Nİ. Doğum ağrısının kontrolünde kullanılan nonfarmakolojik gevşeme ve tensel uyarılma yöntemleri. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni. 2010;44(3):137-44.

Kuriyama H, Watanabe S, Nakaya T, Shigemori I, Kita M, Yoshida N, et al. Immunological and psychological benefits of aromatherapy massage. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2005;2(2):179-84.

Hobbs L. The best labour possible?: Books for Midwives Pr; 2001.

Imanishi J, Kuriyama H, Shigemori I, Watanabe S, Aihara Y, Kita M, et al. Anxiolytic effect of aromatherapy massage in patients with breast cancer. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2009;6(1):123-8.

Staff H. Stress Management: Breathing Exercises for Relaxation. University of Michigan Medicine. 2018.

Yuksel H, Cayir Y, Kosan Z, Tastan K. Effectiveness of breathing exercises during the second stage of labor on labor pain and duration: a randomized controlled trial. J Integr Med. 2017;15(6):456-61.

Yıldırım G, Şahin NH. Doğum eyleminde uygulanan solunum ve tensel uyarılma tekniklerinin gebenin doğum ağrısını algılanmasına etkisi: yüksek lisans tezi: İstanbul Üniversitesi; 2001.

Karabulutlu Ö. Doğum Ağrisi Kontrolünde Kullanilan Nonfarmakolojik Yöntemler. Caucasian Journal Of Science.1(1):43-50.

Moscoso J. History of Labor Pain Relief. Epidural Labor Analgesia: Springer; 2015. p. 49-61.

Park K. Secrets of women: gender, generation, and the origins of human dissection: Zone Books New York; 2006.

Maygrier JP. Midwifery illustrated: Moore & Payne; 1833.

Stolberg M. The monthly malady: a history of premenstrual suffering. Medical history. 2000;44(3):301-22.

Simpson JY. Report on the Early History and Progress of Anaesthetic Midwifery. Monthly Journal of Medical Science. 1848;3(28):209.

Simpson JY. Anaesthetic midwifery: report on its early history and progress: Sutherland & Knox; 1848.

Williams AS. Women & childbirth in the twentieth century: a history of the National Birthday Trust Fund 1928-93: Sutton; 1997.

Williams JW. Obstetrics: A Text-book for the Use of Students and Practitioners: Appleton; 1903.

Obstetricians ACo, Practice GCoO. ACOG committee opinion no. 339: analgesia and cesarean delivery rates. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(6):1487-8.

Lally JE, Murtagh MJ, Macphail S, Thomson R. More in hope than expectation: a systematic review of women's expectations and experience of pain relief in labour. BMC medicine. 2008;6(1):7.

Kayaalp S, Farmakoloji RTYT. Pelikan Yayıncılık. Ankara; 2012.

Collins E, Turner G. Maternal effects of regular salicylate ingestion in pregnancy. The Lancet. 1975;306(7930):335-8.

Gökçimen A, Malas MA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatuvar ilaçların gebelikteki toksisiteleri ile ilgili literatürlerin gözden geçirilmesi. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2003;10(3).

Bozkurt M, Uçar D. Gebelikte Romatoid Artrit Tedavisi: Derleme. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi. 2013;5(2):62-9.

Reynolds F, Sharma SK, Seed PT. Analgesia in labour and fetal acid–base balance: a meta-analysis comparing epidural with systemic opioid analgesia. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002;109(12):1344-53.

Halpern SH, Muir H, Breen TW, Campbell DC, Barrett J, Liston R, et al. A multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing patient-controlled epidural with intravenous analgesia for pain relief in labor. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2004;99(5):1532-8.

Tuckey JP, Prout RE, Wee MYK. Prescribing intramuscular opioids for labour analgesia in consultant-led maternity units: a survey of UK practice. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia. 2008;17(1):3-8.

Reynolds F. Labour analgesia and the baby: good news is no news. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia. 2011;20(1):38-50.

Nissen E, Widström A-M, Lilja G, Matthiesen A-S, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Jacobsson G, et al. Effects of routinely given pethidine during labour on infants' developing breastfeeding behaviour. Effects of dose-delivery time interval and various concentrations of pethidine/norpethidine in cord plasma. Acta Paediatrica. 1997;86(2):201-8.

Peck TE, Hill SA. Pharmacology for anaesthesia and intensive care: Cambridge University Press; 2014.

Elbohoty AEH, Abd-Elrazek H, Abd-El-Gawad M, Salama F, El-Shorbagy M, Abd-El-Maeboud KHI. Intravenous infusion of paracetamol versus intravenous pethidine as an intrapartum analgesic in the first stage of labor. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2012;118(1):7-10.

Tsui MHY, Ngan Kee WD, Ng FF, Lau TK. A double blinded randomised placebo-controlled study of intramuscular pethidine for pain relief in the first stage of labour. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2004;111(7):648-55.

Sasada M, Smith S, Perks W, Houston P. Drugs in Anaesthesia & intensive Care. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia-Journal Canadien d'Anesthesie. 1998;45(5):499.

Way WL, Costley EC, Leong Way E. Respiratory sensitivity of the newborn infant to meperidine and morphine. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 1965;6(4):454-61.

Gerdin E, Salmonson T, Lindberg B, Rane A. Maternal kinetics of morphine during labour. Journal of perinatal medicine. 1990;18(6):479-87.

Olofsson C, Ekblom A, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Hjelm A, Irestedt L. Lack of analgesic effect of systemically administered morphine or pethidine on labour pain. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1996;103(10):968-72.

Craft JJ, Coaldrake LA, Bolan JC, Mondino M, Mazel P, Gilman RM, et al. Placental passage and uterine effects of fentanyl. Anesthesia and analgesia. 1983;62(10):894-8.

Rayburn W, Rathke A, Leuschen MP, Chleborad J, Weidner W. Fentanyl citrate analgesia during labor. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1989;161(1):202-6.

Claahsen-van der Grinten HL, Verbruggen I, van den Berg PP, Sporken JMJ, Kollée LAA. Different pharmacokinetics of tramadol in mothers treated for labour pain and in their neonates. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2005;61(7):523-9.

Keskin HL, Aktepe Keskin E, Avsar AF, Tabuk M, Caglar GS. Pethidine versus tramadol for pain relief during labor. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2003;82(1):11-6.

Viegas OAC, Khaw B, Ratnam SS. Tramadol in labour pain in primiparous patients. A prospective comparative clinical trial. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 1993;49(3):131-5.

Khooshideh M, Shahriari A. A comparison of tramadol and pethidine analgesia on the duration of labour: A randomised clinical trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2009;49(1):59-63.

Mcintosh DG, Rayburn WF. Patient-controlled analgesia in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstetrics and gynecology. 1991;78(6):1129-35.

Isenor L, Penny-MaCgillivray T. Intravenous Meperidine Infusion for Obstetric Analgesia. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing. 1993;22(4):349-56.

Douma MR, Verwey RA, Kam-Endtz CE, van der Linden PD, Stienstra R. Obstetric analgesia: a comparison of patient-controlled meperidine, remifentanil, and fentanyl in labour. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2010;104(2):209-15.

Rayburn W, Smith CV, Leuschen M, Hoffman K, Flores C. Comparison of patient-controlled and nurse-administered analgesia using intravenous fentanyl during labor. Anesthesiology review. 1991;18(1):31-6.

Nikkola EM, Ekblad UU, Kero PO, Alihanka JJ, Salonen MA. Intravenous fentanyl PCA during labour. Canadian journal of anaesthesia. 1997;44(12):1248-55.

Leppä M, Korvenoja A, Carlson S, Timonen P, Martinkauppi S, Ahonen J, et al. Acute opioid effects on human brain as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. NeuroImage. 2006;31(2):661-9.

Kan Re, Hughes Sc, Rosen Ma, Kessin C, Preston Pg, Lobo Ep. Intravenous Remifentanil: Placental Transfer, Maternal And Neonatal Effects. Survey Of Anesthesiology. 1999;43(2):84.

Thurlow JA, Laxton CH, Dick A, Waterhouse P, Sherman L, Goodman NW. Remifentanil by patient-controlled analgesia compared with intramuscular meperidine for pain relief in labour. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2002;88(3):374-8.

Ng TKT, Cheng BCP, Chan WS, Lam KK, Chan MTV. A double-blind randomised comparison of intravenous patient-controlled remifentanil with intramuscular pethidine for labour analgesia*. Anaesthesia. 2011;66(9):796-801.

Evron S, Glezerman M, Sadan O, Boaz M, Ezri T. Remifentanil: a novel systemic analgesic for labor pain. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2005;100(1):233-8.

Blair JM, Dobson GT, Hill DA, McCracken GR, Fee JPH. Patient controlled analgesia for labour: a comparison of remifentanil with pethidine*. Anaesthesia. 2005;60(1):22-7.

Volmanen P, Akural EI, Raudaskoski T, Alahuhta S. Remifentanil in obstetric analgesia: a dose-finding study. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2002;94(4):913-7.

Blair JM, Hill DA, Fee JPH. Patient-controlled analgesia for labour using remifentanil: a feasibility study. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2001;87(3):415-20.

Balki M, Kasodekar S, Bernstein P, Carvalho JC. Remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia for labour: optimizing drug delivery regimens. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie. 2007;54(8):626-33.

Balcioglu O, Akin S, Demir S, Aribogan A. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with remifentanil in nulliparous subjects in labor. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2007;8(18):3089-96.

Birnbach DJ, Soens M, Zbeidy R, Ranasinghe JS, Penning D, editors. Preemptive remifentanil analgesia modality (PRAM): a new paradigm for intravenous labor analgesia. Annual Meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, New Orleans, LA; 2009.

Yoo KY, Lee JC, Yoon MH, Shin M-H, Kim SJ, Kim YH, et al. The effects of volatile anesthetics on spontaneous contractility of isolated human pregnant uterine muscle: a comparison among sevoflurane, desflurane, isoflurane, and halothane. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2006;103(2):443-7.

Yildiz K, Dogru K, Dalgic H, Serin I, Sezer Z, Madenoglu H, et al. Inhibitory effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on oxytocin‐induced contractions of isolated pregnant human myometrium. Acta anaesthesiologica scandinavica. 2005;49(9):1355-9.

Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Uygulamaları Yönetmeliği, md. 3. 27.10.2014.

Avcıbay B, Alan S. Nonpharmacological methods for management of labor pain. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2011;4(3):18-24.

Loayza IMB, Solà I, Prats CJ. Biofeedback for pain management during labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011(6).

Ergin A. Doğumun I. ve II. Evresinde Gebeye Uygulatılan Pozisyonların Doğum Sürecine Etkisi. MÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü: Doktora Tezi, İstanbul,(Danışman: Prof. Dr. N. Kömürcü); 2005.

Simkin PP, O'Hara M. Nonpharmacologic relief of pain during labor: systematic reviews of five methods. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2002;186(5):S131-S59.

Gupta JK, Sood A, Hofmeyr GJ, Vogel JP. Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia. Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2017(5).

Simkin P, Bolding A. Update on nonpharmacologic approaches to relieve labor pain and prevent suffering. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 2004;49(6):489-504.

Freeman R, Macaulay A, Eve L, Chamberlain G, Bhat A. Randomised trial of self hypnosis for analgesia in labour. British medical journal (Clinical research ed). 1986;292(6521):657.

Landolt AS, Milling LS. The efficacy of hypnosis as an intervention for labor and delivery pain: a comprehensive methodological review. Clinical psychology review. 2011;31(6):1022-31.

Tournaire M, Theau-Yonneau A. Complementary and alternative approaches to pain relief during labor. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2007;4(4):409-17.

Huntley AL, Coon JT, Ernst E. Complementary and alternative medicine for labor pain: a systematic review. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2004;191(1):36-44.

Smith CA, Collins CT, Crowther CA, Levett KM. Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011(7).

Ersanli C. İndüksiyon Uygulanan Primipar Gebelere Travayda Verilen Eğitim Ile Dinletilen Müziğin Doğum Sürecine Etkisi.

Carroll D, Tramèr M, McQuay H, Nye B, Moore A. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in labour pain: a systematic review. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 1997;104(2):169-75.

Kaplan B, Rabinerson D, Lurie S, Bar J, Krieser U, Neri A. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for adjuvant pain‐relief during labor and delivery. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 1998;60(3):251-5.

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