Malign Peritoneal Mezotelyoma
Özet
Timik epitelyal tümörler (TET), timus bezinden kaynaklanan, erişkinlerde ön mediastenin en sık görülen nadir maligniteleridir. Timoma ve daha agresif seyreden timik karsinom olmak üzere iki ana gruba ayrılırlar. Genellikle başlangıçta semptomsuz olan bu tümörler, ilerleyen evrelerde öksürük, göğüs ağrısı ve vena cava superior sendromu gibi bası semptomlarıyla veya Myastenia Gravis gibi paraneoplastik sendromlarla klinik belirti gösterebilirler. Tanı ve klinik evrelemede bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) ve ince iğne biyopsisi kritik öneme sahipken, evrelemede Masaoka ve AJCC TNM sistemleri kullanılır. TET'lerin temel tedavisi cerrahi rezeksiyondur; erken evre tümörlerde tam rezeksiyon en önemli prognostik faktördür. İleri evre veya nüks gelişen olgularda ise cerrahiye ek olarak kemoterapi, radyoterapi (PORT) ve özellikle timik karsinomlarda tirozin kinaz inhibitörleri (sunitinib, lenvatinib) ile immünoterapiyi içeren multimodalite tedavi yaklaşımları tercih edilmektedir.
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), arising from the thymus gland, are rare malignancies and represent the most common anterior mediastinal tumors in adults. They are classified into two main categories: thymomas and the more aggressive thymic carcinomas. Mostly asymptomatic initially, these tumors may present with compressive symptoms such as cough, chest pain, and superior vena cava syndrome, or paraneoplastic syndromes like Myasthenia Gravis in advanced stages. While computed tomography (CT) and fine-needle biopsy are crucial for diagnosis and staging, Masaoka and AJCC TNM systems are utilized for classification. The mainstay of treatment for TETs is surgical resection, with complete resection being the most critical prognostic factor in early-stage disease. For advanced or recurrent cases, multimodality approaches combining surgery with chemotherapy, radiotherapy (PORT), and targeted treatments like tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib, lenvatinib) or immunotherapy—especially for thymic carcinomas—are preferred.
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Reprinted by permission from Springer: Annals of Surgical Oncology. Chicago Consensus Working Group. The Chicago Consensus on Peritoneal Surface Malignancies: Management of Peritoneal Mesothelioma. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:1774. Copyright © 2020. https://www.springer.com/journal/10434.
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