Tam Seramiklerin Güncel Sınıflandırması
Özet
Diş hekimliğinde estetik beklentilerin artmasıyla birlikte kullanımı yaygınlaşan dental seramikler, klinisyenler için anlaşılır bir rehber oluşturması amacıyla Gracis ve arkadaşlarının 2015 yılındaki sınıflandırmasını temel alarak incelenmiştir. Metinde bu malzemeler; cam-matriks, polikristalin ve rezin-matriks seramikler olmak üzere üç ana grupta ele alınmaktadır. Cam-matriks seramikler altında feldspatik, sentetik ve cam-infiltre yapılar açıklanırken; bu malzemelerin adeziv simantasyon gereksinimleri, sağ kalım oranları ve yüksek biyouyumlulukları vurgulanmıştır. Polikristalin seramikler grubunda, yüksek dayanıklılık ve kırılma tokluğuna sahip alümina ve stabilize zirkonya materyalleri değerlendirilmiş, zirkonyanın Faz Dönüşümü Sertleşmesi (PTT) sayesinde çatlak ilerlemesini sınırlayarak kendi kendini onarabilme özelliği ve mükemmel doku yanıtı açıklanmıştır. Rezin-matriks seramikler ise inorganik bileşenlerin baskın olduğu organik matriksli yeni nesil materyaller olarak sınıflandırmaya dahil edilmiş, bu hibrit yapıların dentinin elastisite modülüne yakınlığı, kolay işlenebilirliği ve kompozit rezinlerle onarılabilmesi gibi klinik avantajları üzerinde durulmuştur.
Dental ceramics, which have become widespread with increasing aesthetic expectations in dentistry, are examined based on the 2015 classification by Gracis et al. to provide an understandable guide for clinicians. In the text, these materials are addressed in three main groups: glass-matrix, polycrystalline, and resin-matrix ceramics. Under glass-matrix ceramics, feldspathic, synthetic, and glass-infiltrated structures are explained, emphasizing their adhesive cementation requirements, survival rates, and high biocompatibility. In the polycrystalline ceramics group, alumina and stabilized zirconia materials with high durability and fracture toughness are evaluated, explaining zirconia's self-repair capability by limiting crack propagation through Phase Transformation Toughening (PTT) and its excellent tissue response. Resin-matrix ceramics are included in the classification as new-generation materials with an organic matrix dominated by inorganic components, highlighting the clinical advantages of these hybrid structures, such as their proximity to the modulus of elasticity of dentin, ease of processing, and repairability with composite resins.
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