Diş Hekimliğinde Robotik, Mikrobotik Araçlar ve İnsansı Robotlar
Özet
Robotik ve yapay zekâdaki teknolojik gelişmeler, diş hekimliğinde insan eli titremesini ortadan kaldırmak, verimliliği artırmak ve hekimlerin çalışma konforunu iyileştirmek amacıyla geniş bir kullanım alanı bulmaktadır. Makalede, endodontiden periodontolojiye, implantolojiden cerrahiye kadar farklı disiplinlerde kullanılan dental operasyon mikroskopları, endoskoplar ve navigasyon sistemleri detaylandırılmıştır. Özellikle implant cerrahisinde FDA onaylı YOMI gibi otonom ve yarı otonom robotik sistemlerin doğruluğu artırdığı, oral cerrahide ise da Vinci sisteminin minimal invaziv yaklaşımlara olanak tanıdığı belirtilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, ortodontide ark teli bükme robotları, pedodontide çocukların anksiyetesini azaltan insansı robotlar (iRobiQ) ve preklinik eğitimde öğrencilerin motor becerilerini geliştiren haptik geri bildirimli sanal gerçeklik simülatörleri (DentSim, HapTEL) dikkat çekmektedir. Gelecekte, dokulara nüfuz edebilen nanorobotların ve bağımsız tedavi yapabilen insansı robotların kullanımının yaygınlaşması öngörülmektedir. Ancak, yüksek maliyetler, karmaşık işletim sistemleri, teknolojik hazırlık süreçleri ve hastaların robotik tedavilere karşı duyduğu şüpheler, bu teknolojilerin klinik pazara tam olarak entegre edilmesinin önündeki en büyük engelleri oluşturmaktadır. Tüm bu zorluklara rağmen, mühendislik gayretleri ve artan talep doğrultusunda, yakın gelecekte robotların diş hekimliği tedavilerini tamamen bağımsız yürütebileceği bir çağa geçileceğine inanılmaktadır.
Technological advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence find a wide range of applications in dentistry to eliminate human hand tremors, increase efficiency, and improve the working comfort of clinicians. The article details dental operating microscopes, endoscopes, and navigation systems used in various disciplines ranging from endodontics to periodontics, implantology, and oral surgery. Particularly in implant surgery, autonomous and semi-autonomous robotic systems such as the FDA-approved YOMI enhance accuracy, while the da Vinci system in oral surgery enables minimally invasive approaches. Furthermore, archwire bending robots in orthodontics, humanoid robots like iRobiQ that reduce anxiety in pediatric patients, and virtual reality simulators with haptic feedback like DentSim and HapTEL, which improve students' motor skills in preclinical training, are noteworthy. In the future, the widespread use of nanorobot fleets capable of penetrating tissues and humanoids performing independent treatments is envisioned. However, high costs, complex operating systems, technological preparation periods, and patients' skepticism toward robotic treatments constitute the most significant barriers to the full integration of these technologies into the clinical market. Despite all these challenges, it is believed that through engineering efforts and increasing demand, a transition will be made in the near future to an era where robots can conduct dental treatments completely independently.
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