Obezite ve Yoksulluk: Türkiye Örneği
Özet
Bu çalışma, Banu Beyaz Sipahi tarafından 2019 yılı Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması verileri (17.083 yetişkin) kullanılarak Türkiye’de yoksulluk ile obezite ve aşırı kilolu olma durumu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Analizde standart Probit Model (Model A) ile yoksulluğun içselliğini ve eş zamanlı ilişkiyi dikkate alan Yinelenen İkili Probit Model (Model B) karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, hata terimleri arasındaki korelasyon katsayısının ($\rho = 0,191$) %10 düzeyinde anlamlı olduğunu ve yoksulluğun içsellik içerdiğini doğrulamaktadır. İçselliğin dikkate alınmadığı Model A yoksulluğun obez/aşırı kilolu olma olasılığını %8,3 azalttığını gösterirken, içselliği hesaba katan Model B bu azaltıcı etkinin %21,6 olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, Türkiye’de zengin bireylerde obezite ve aşırı kilo riskinin yoksullara kıyasla daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, erkeklerin obez/aşırı kilolu olma olasılığı kadınlara göre %5,8 daha fazladır; eğitim düzeyindeki artış ise hem obezite riskini (%2,6) hem de yoksulluk olasılığını (%5,1) düşürmektedir. Evli olmak (%7,8), istihdamda yer almak (%4,0) ve sigarayı bırakmak (%5,2) obezite riskini artırmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, politika yapıcıların Türkiye'de obeziteyle mücadelede öncelikle yüksek gelir gruplarını, çalışanları ve evli bireyleri hedef alan fiziksel aktivite ve sağlıklı beslenme politikalarına odaklanması önerilmektedir.
This study, authored by Banu Beyaz Sipahi, investigates the relationship between poverty and obesity/overweight status in Turkey using data from the 2019 Turkey Health Survey, which covers 17,083 adults. The analysis compares a standard Probit model (Model A) with a Recursive Bivariate Probit model (Model B) that accounts for the endogeneity of poverty and simultaneous causality. The empirical findings confirm the presence of endogeneity, as the error terms' correlation coefficient ($\rho = 0.191$) is statistically significant at the 10% level. While Model A shows that poverty reduces the probability of being obese or overweight by 8.3%, Model B demonstrates a significantly stronger reduction of 21.6%, indicating that failing to address endogeneity substantially underestimates this effect. Consequently, in Turkey, obesity and overweight prevalence are higher among wealthier individuals compared to the poor. Furthermore, males are 5.8% more likely to be overweight or obese than females, while higher education levels reduce both obesity risk (-2.6%) and poverty likelihood (-5.1%). Additionally, being married (+7.8%), employed (+4.0%), and quitting smoking (+5.2%) increase the probability of being overweight or obese. In conclusion, policymakers aiming to combat obesity in Turkey should primarily target higher-income groups, employed individuals, and married households through interventions encouraging physical activity and healthy eating habits.
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