Bilateral Akut İris Transilluminasyon Sendromu
Özet
Bilateral Akut İris Transilluminasyon Sendromu (BAIT), genellikle 30-40 yaşlarındaki kadınlarda, üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonları veya moksifloksasin gibi sistemik antibiyotik kullanımı sonrasında gelişen akut başlangıçlı bir klinik tablodur. İris pigment epiteli ve stromasından kaynaklanan masif pigment dağılımı, trabeküler ağın tıkanmasına ve göz içi basıncının (GİB) yükselmesine yol açar. En sık görülen semptomlar konjonktival hiperemi, fotofobi, göz ağrısı ve bulanık görmedir. Tanıda yarıklı lamba muayenesinde pigmente partiküller ve rölatif pupiller atoni saptanır. Tedavide topikal antiinflamatuarlar ve antiglokomatöz ilaçlar kullanılır; dirençli oküler hipertansiyon olgularında ise cerrahi müdahale gerekebilir. Klinik bulgular zamanla gerilese de, iris transilluminasyonu ve kronik fotofobi kalıcı olmaktadır. Ayırıcı tanıda Bilateral Akut İris Depigmentasyonu (BADI), pigment dispersiyonu ve viral üveitler yer alır. Korunmada şüpheli antibiyoterapi kullanımı varsa ilacın erken kesilmesi önerilir. Sonuç olarak BAIT, basit tıbbi tedaviye dirençli GİB yüksekliği ve kronik fotofobi gibi ciddi komplikasyonları olan, florokinolonların melanin dokusuna afinitesiyle ilişkili yeni bir antitedir.
Bilateral Acute Iris Transillumination (BAIT) syndrome is an acute-onset clinical entity that typically develops in women aged 30-40 following upper respiratory tract infections or the use of systemic antibiotics, particularly moxifloxacin. Massive pigment dispersion originating from the iris pigment epithelium and stroma leads to the obstruction of the trabecular meshwork, resulting in increased intraocular pressure (IOP). The most common symptoms include conjunctival hyperemia, photophobia, eye pain, and blurred vision. Diagnosis is established via slit-lamp biomicroscopy showing pigmented particles and relative pupillary atony. Treatment involves topical anti-inflammatory and antiglaucomatous medications, while surgical intervention may be required in cases with resistant ocular hypertension. Although most clinical findings regress over time, iris transillumination and chronic photophobia remain permanent. Differential diagnosis includes Bilateral Acute Iris Depigmentation (BADI), pigment dispersion syndrome, and viral uveitis. For prevention, prompt discontinuation of the antibiotic is recommended if BAIT is suspected during early usage. In conclusion, BAIT is a novel entity associated with the affinity of fluoroquinolones for melanin tissue, presenting severe complications such as chronic photophobia and IOP elevation resistant to simple medical therapies.
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