Fiberle Güçlendirilmiş Kompozitlerin Diş Hekimliğindeki Yeri
Özet
Fiberle güçlendirilmiş kompozitler (FGK); matris, lif ve interfaz bileşenlerinden oluşan, geleneksel dental materyallere alternatif yüksek mukavemetli biyomateryallerdir. Diş hekimliğinde estetik avantajları ve yüksek gerilme direnciyle E-cam fiberler ile yüksek aşınma direncine sahip polietilen fiberler sıklıkla tercih edilirken; karbon, aramid ve kuvars fiberler de yapısal özelliklerine göre farklı alanlarda kullanılır. FGK'ların mekanik başarısını fiber miktarı, oryantasyonu (tek yönlü, dokuma, rastgele), monomerlerle doyurulma kalitesi ve polimer matrisin su absorbsiyonu doğrudan etkilemektedir. Klinik pratikte fiber postlar, adeziv köprüler, periodontal splintler ve direkt/indirekt kompozit restorasyonlar olarak geniş bir kullanım alanına sahiptirler. Son yıllarda geliştirilen kısa cam fiber içerikli kompozitler (SFRC), düşük polimerizasyon büzülmesi, yüksek kırılma dayanımı ve minimum mikrosızıntı özellikleri sayesinde özellikle yüksek stres alanlarında dentin alternatifi olarak başarıyla uygulanmaktadır. Ayrıca, yüksek yüklere dayanıklı CAD/CAM SFRC blokları da güncel dental restorasyonlarda kırılma direncini artırmak amacıyla yenilikçi çözümler sunmaktadır.
Fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) are high-strength biomaterials consisting of matrix, fiber, and interface components, serving as alternatives to traditional dental materials. In dentistry, E-glass fibers with aesthetic advantages and high tensile strength, and polyethylene fibers with high wear resistance are frequently preferred, while carbon, aramid, and quartz fibers are used in different fields depending on their structural properties. The mechanical success of FRCs is directly affected by the fiber quantity, orientation (unidirectional, woven, random), the quality of impregnation with monomers, and the water absorption of the polymer matrix. In clinical practice, they have a wide range of applications such as fiber posts, adhesive bridges, periodontal splints, and direct/indirect composite restorations. Short fiber-reinforced composites (SFRCs), developed in recent years, are successfully applied as dentin replacements, especially in high-stress areas, due to their low polymerization shrinkage, high fracture toughness, and minimal microleakage properties. Additionally, CAD/CAM SFRC blocks, which are resistant to high loads, offer innovative solutions to increase fracture resistance in contemporary dental restorations.
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