Malignant Diseases of The Lung: New Diagnostic Techniques for Lung Cancer

Baker RR, Carter D, et al. Early lung cancer detection: results of the initial (prevalence) radiologic and cytologic screening in the Johns Hopkins study. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984; 130(4):549-54.

J, Adamec M. Lack of benefit from semi- annual screening for cancer of the lung : follow-up report of a randomized controlled trial on a population of high-risk males in Czechoslovakia. Int J Cancer 1990;45(1):26- 33.

Fontana RS, Sanderson DR, Woolner LB, Taylor WF, Miller WE, Muhm JR, et al. Screening for lung cancer. A critique of the Mayo Lung Project. Cancer 1991;67(4 Suppl): 1155-64.

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Screening Guidelines: Lung Cancer. [July 20, 2012]; Available from: http://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/screening-guidelines/screening-guidelines-lung.

National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health. Computed Tomography (CT): Questions and Answers. [July 20, 2012]; Available from: http:://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/detection/CT.

Cedars-Sinai. CT Lung Screening. [July 20, 2012]; Available from: http://www.cedars-sinai.edu/Patients/Programs-and-Services/Imaging-Center/For-Patients/Exams-by-Procedure/CT-Scans/CT-Lung-Screening.aspx.

International Early Lung Cancer Action Pro- gram Investigators, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF, Libby DM, Pasmantier MW, Smith JP, Mi- ettinen OS. Survival of patients with stage I lung cancer detected on CT screening. N Engl J Med 2006;355(17):1763-71.

Clapp JD, Fagerstrom RM, et al. National Lung Screening Trial Research Team. Re- duced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med 2011;365:395-409.

Shreiber, G.; McCrory, D.C. Performance characteristics of different modalities for diagnosis of suspected lung cancer: Summary of published evidence. Chest 2003, 123 (Suppl. 1), S115–S128. [CrossRef]

Baalini, W.A.; Reinoso, M.A.; Gorin, A.B.; Sharafkaneh, A.; Manian, P. Diagnostic yield of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in evaluating solitary pulmonary nodules. Chest 2000, 117, 1049–1054. [CrossRef]

Rivera, P.; Mehta, A.C.; Wahidi, M.M. Establishing the diagnosis of lung cancer: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2013, 143, e143S–e165S. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Li, H.; Boiselle, P.M.; Shepard, J.O.; Trotman-Dickenson, B.; McLoud, T.C. Diagnostic accuracy and safety of CT-guided percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy of the lung: Comparison of small and large pulmonary nodules. Am. J. Roentgenol. 1996, 167, 105–109. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Klein, J.S.; Salomon, G.; Stewart, E.A. Transthoracic needle biopsy with a coaxially placed 20-gauge automated cutting needle: Results in 122 patients. Radiology 1996, 198, 715–720. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Zarbo, R.J.; Fenoglio-Preiser, C.M. Interinstitutional database for comparison of performance in lung

fine-needle aspiration cytology. A College of American Pathologists Q-Probe Study of 5264 cases with histologic correlation. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 1992, 116, 463–470. [PubMed]

Manhire, A.; Charig, M.; Clelland, C.; Gleeson, F.; Miller, R.; Moss, H.; Pointon, K.; Richardson, C.; Sawicka, E. Guidelines for radiological guided lung biopsy. Thorax 2003, 58, 920–936. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Ost, D.E.; Ernst, A.; Lei, X.; Kovitz, K.L.; Benzaquen, S.; Diaz-Mendoza, J.; Greenhill, S.; Toth, J.; Feller-Kopman, D.; Puchalski, J.; et al. Diagnostic yield and complications of bronchoscopy for peripheral lung lesions: Results of the AQuIRE registry. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2016, 193, 68–77. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Kazerooni, E.A.; Lim, F.T.; Mikhail, A.; Martinez, F.J. Risk of pneumothorax in CT-guided transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy of the lung. Radiology 1996, 198, 371–375. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Yeow, K.M.; See, L.C.; Lui, K.W.; Lin, M.C.; Tsao, T.C.; Ng, K.F.; Liu, H.P. Risk factors for pneumothorax and bleeding after CT-guided percutaneous coaxial cutting needle biopsy of lung lesions. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol. 2001, 12, 1305–1312. [CrossRef]

Wiener, R.S.; Schwartz, L.M.; Woloshin, S.; Welch, H.G. Population-based risk for complications after transthoracic needle lung biopsy of a pulmonary nodule: An analysis of discharge records. Ann. Inter. Med. 2011, 155, 137–144. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Chen, A.; Chenna, P.; Loiselle, A.; Massoni, J.; Mayse, M.; Misselhorn, D. Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound for peripheral pulmonary lesions: A 5-year Institutional experience. Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2014, 11, 578–582. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Steinfort, D.P.; Khor, Y.H.; Manser, R.L.; Irving, L.B. Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. Respir. J. 2011, 37, 902–910. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Steinfort, D.P.; Vincent, J.; Heinze, S.; Antippa, P.; Irving, L.B. Comparative effectiveness of radial probe endobronchial ultrasound versus CT-guided needle biopsy for evaluation of peripheral pulmonary lesions: A randomized pragmatic trial. Respir. Med. 2011, 105, 1704–1711. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Becker, H.D.; Herth, F.; Ernst, A.; Schwarz, Y. Bronchoscopic biopsy of peripheral lung lesions under electromagnetic guidance: A pilot study. J. Bronchol. Interv. Pulmonol. 2005, 12, 9–13. [CrossRef]

Eberhardt, R.; Anantham, D.; Ernst, A.; Feller-Kopman, D.; Herth, F. Multimodality bronchoscopic diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions: A randomized controlled trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007, 176, 36–41. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

ERBE Flexible Cryoprobes for Bronchoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment. NICE Guidelines 2015. Available online: www.nice.org.UK (accessed on 10 May 2018).

Hetzel, J.; Hetzel, M.; Hasel, C.; Moeller, P.; Babiak, A. Old meets modern: The use of traditional cryoprobes in the age of molecular biology. Respiration 2008, 76, 193–197. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Hetzel, J.; Eberhardt, R.; Herth, F.J.F.; Petermann, C.; Reichle, G.; Freitag, L.; Dobbertin, I.; Franke, K.J.; Stanzel, F.; Beyer, T.; et al. Cryobiopsy increases the diagnostic yield of endobronchial biopsy: A multicentre trial. Eur. Respir. J. 2012, 39, 685–690. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Schuhmann, M.; Bostanci, K.; Bugalho, A.; Warth, A.; Schnabel, P.A.; Herth, F.J.; Eberhardt, R. Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided cryobiopsies in peripheral pulmonary lesions: A feasibility study. Eur. Respir. J. 2014, 43, 233–239. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Herbst RS, Heymach JV, Lippman SM. Mo- lecular origins of cancer lung cancer. N Eng J Med 2008;359:1367-80.

Horner MJ, Ries LAG, Krapcho M, et al., eds. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2006. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute 2009: http:// seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2006/, based on November 2008 SEER data.

Kanodra NM, Silvestri GA, Tanner NT. Screening and early detection efforts in lung cancer. Cancer. 2015;121(9):1347–1356. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29222. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Sozzi G, Boeri M. Potential biomarkers for lung cancer screening. Translational lung cancer research. 2014;3(3):139–148. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Hasan N, Kumar R, Kavuru MS: Lung cancer screening beyond low-dose computed tomography: the role of novel biomarkers. Lung 2014, 192(5):639–648. [PubMed]

Li CM, Chu WY, Wong DL, Tsang HF, Tsui NB, Chan CM, Xue VW, Siu PM, Yung BY, Chan LW, et al. Current and future molecular diagnostics in non-small-cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2015;15(8):1061–1074. doi: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1063420. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Balgkouranidou I, Liloglou T, Lianidou ES. Lung cancer epigenetics: emerging biomarkers. Biomark Med. 2013;7(1):49–58. doi: 10.2217/bmm.12.111. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Pinsky PF. Principles of cancer screening. Surg Clin North Am. 2015;95(5):953–966. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2015.05.009. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Etzel CJ, Bach PB. Estimating individual risk for lung cancer. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine. 2011;32(1):3–9. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1272864. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Brothers JF, Hijazi K, Mascaux C, El-Zein RA, Spitz MR, Spira A. Bridging the clinical gaps: genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer in the post-National Lung Screening Trial era. BMC Medicine. 2013;11:168. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

Hassanein M, Callison JC, Callaway-Lane C, Aldrich MC, Grogan EL, Massion PP. The state of molecular biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer. Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa) 2012;5(8):992–1006. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0441. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]

Herbst RS, Lippman SM. Moleküler signature of lung cancer – two personalized therapy. N Eng J Med 2007;356:76-8.

Boyle P, Chapman CJ, Holdenrieder S, Mur- ray A, Robertson C, Wood WC, et al. Clinical validation of an autoantibody test for lung can- cer. Ann Oncol 2011;22:383-9.

Ajona D, Pajares MJ, Corrales L, et al. Investigation of complement activation product C4d as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105:1385–1395.

Ajona D, Okrój M, Pajares MJ, et al. Complement C4d- specific antibodies for the diagnosis of lung cancer. Oncotarget. 2018;9:6346–6355.

Verri C, Borzi C, Holscher T, et al. Mutational profile from targeted NGS predicts survival in LDCT screening– detected lung cancers. J Thorac Oncol. 2017;12: 922–931.

Sozzi G, Boeri M, Rossi M, et al. Clinical utility of a plasma-based miRNA signature classifier within computed tomography lung cancer screening: a correlative MILD trial study. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32: 768–773.

Montani F, Marzi MJ, Dezi F, et al. MiR-test: a blood test for lung cancer early detection. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015;107:djv063.

Sestini S, Boeri M, Marchiano A, et al. Circulating microRNA signature as liquid-biopsy to monitor lung cancer in low-dose computed tomography screening. Oncotarget. 2015;6:32868–32877.

Jenkins S, Yang JCH, Ramalingam SS, et al. Plasma ctDNA analysis for detection of the EGFR T790M mu- tation in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2017;12:1061–1070.

Giroux Leprieur E, Herbretau G, Dumenil C, et al. Circulating tumor DNA evaluated by next-generation sequencing is predictive of tumor response and prolonged clinical benefit with nivolumab in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2018;7:e1424675.

Merker JD, Oxnard GR, Compton C, et al. Circulating tumor DNA analysis in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists joint review. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36: 1631–1641.

Cohen JD, Li L, Wang Y, et al. Detection and localization of surgically resectable cancers with a multi-analyte blood test. Science. 2018;359:926–930.

Ehrlich M. DNA hypomethylation in cancer cells. Epigenomics. 2009;1:239–259.

Esteller M, Sanchez-Cespedes M, Resell R, Sidransky D, Baylin SB, Herman JG. Detection of aberrant promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes in serum DNA from non-small cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Res. 1999;59:67–70.

Doseeva V, Colpitts T, Gao G, Woodcock J, Knezevic V. Performance of a multiplexed dual analyte immuno- assay for the early detection of non-small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med. 2015;13:55.

Mazzone PJ, Wang X, Han X, et al. Evaluation of a serum lung cancer biomarker panel. Biomark Insights. 2018;13:1177271917751608.

Billatos E, Vick JL, Lenburg ME, Spira AE. The airway transcriptome as a biomarker for early lung cancer detection. Clin Cancer Res. 2018;24:2984–2992 .

Spira A, Beane JE, Shah V, et al. Airway epithelial gene expression in the diagnostic evaluation of smokers with suspect lung cancer. Nat Med. 2007;13:361–366.

58.Blomquist T, Crawford EL, Mullins D, et al. Pattern of antioxidant and DNA repair gene expression in normal airway epithelium associated with lung cancer diag- nosis. Cancer Res. 2009;69:8629–8635.

Whitney DH, Elashoff MR, Porta-Smith K, et al. Deri- vation of a bronchial genomic classifier for lung cancer in a prospective study of patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. BMC Med Genomics. 2015;8:18.

Silvestri GA, Vachani A, Whitney D, et al. A bronchial genomic classifier for the diagnostic evaluation of lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:243–251.

Hu Z, Whitney D, Anderson JR, et al. Analytical per- formance of a bronchial genomic classifier. BMC Cancer. 2016;16:161.

Vachani A, Whitney DH, Parsons EC, et al. Clinical utility of a bronchial genomic classifier in patients with suspected lung cancer. Chest. 2016;150:210–218.

Hogarth DK, Dotson TL, Lee HL, Whitten PE, Smith K, Lenburg ME. The Percepta® Registry: a prospective registry to evaluate percepta bronchial genomic clas- sifier patient data. Paper presented at: CHEST Annual Meeting. October 22–26, 2016; Los Angeles, CA.

Mazzone PJ, Sears CR, Arenberg DA, et al. Evaluating molecular biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer: when is a biomarker ready for clinical use? An official American Thoracic Society policy statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196:e15–e29.