Tek Tırnaklıların Diğer Viral Enfeksiyonları
Özet
Tek tırnaklı viral enfeksiyonlar arasında uzun yıllar boyunca özellikle EHV-1 ve EHV-4 ön planda tutulmuş olsa da, gelişen moleküler tanı yöntemleri sayesinde diğer herpesvirus tipleri (EHV-2, EHV-5, EHV-6, EHV-7, EHV-8 ve EHV-9), Circoviruslar ve At Foamy Virusu (EFV) gibi etkenlerin de klinik ve epidemiyolojik açıdan önemli olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Latent enfeksiyon oluşturma yetenekleri sayesinde yaşam boyu konakta kalabilen EHV-2 ve EHV-5 at popülasyonlarında yaygın olup solunum sistemi hastalıkları ve immünosupresyonla ilişkilidir. EHV-8’in tür bariyerini aşarak abortus ve nörolojik hastalıklara neden olabilmesi, EHV-9’un ise farklı türlerde fatal ensefalit oluşturabilmesi bu virusların önemini artırmaktadır. Atlarda tanımlanan Equine Circovirus 1 (EqCV-1) başta olmak üzere bu viruslar özellikle hepatit tablolarıyla ilişkilendirilmekte, ancak çoğu enfeksiyon subklinik seyretmektedir. At Foamy Virusu ise genellikle asemptomatik ve persiste enfeksiyonlara yol açan, ancak kendine özgü replikasyon mekanizmasıyla dikkat çeken bir virustur. Bu virusların tanısında klinik bulgular tek başına yeterli olmayıp PCR, qPCR ve diğer moleküler teknikler temel tanı araçlarını oluşturmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, tek tırnaklılarda görülen bu viral etkenler çoğu zaman subklinik veya non-spesifik seyretse de ko-enfeksiyonlar ve çevresel faktörlerle birlikte ciddi klinik tablolara yol açabileceğinden, özellikle nedeni açıklanamayan solunum, hepatik ve nörolojik hastalıklarda kapsamlı moleküler incelemelerin yapılması büyük önem taşımaktadır.
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