Gebelik Döneminde Egzersiz
Özet
Düzenli egzersizin kardiyovasküler sağlığı iyileştirdiği, kas gücünü arttırdığı ve kronik hastalık riskini azalttığı gösterilmiştir. Ancak hamilelik sırasında egzersiz yapmanın kısa veya uzun vadede fetüse zarar verdiği, gebelik yaşına bağlı olarak erken doğuma veya küçük bebeklere neden olduğu yönündeki yalan haberler nedeniyle pek çok kişi egzersize olumsuz bakıyor. Bu bağlamda hamilelikte egzersizle ilgili yaygın yanlış inanışların ele alınması ve ortadan kaldırılması önemlidir. Ana endişelerden biri, kan akışını rahimden uzaklaştırıp fetal sıkıntıya neden olabilmesidir. Ancak yapılan kapsamlı araştırmalar bu kaygıların yersiz ve asılsız olduğunu ortaya çıkardı. Bu bağlamda hamilelikte yapılan düşük etkili aerobik egzersizin erken doğuma karşı koruyucu etkisinin olduğu, hatta bebeklerin makrozomi (aşırı doğum ağırlığı) ile doğmasını bile engelleyebileceği gösterilmiştir.
Referanslar
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2015). Your Pregnancy and Childbirth: Month to Month.
Artal, R. (2003). Exercise: the alternative therapeutic intervention for gestational diabetes. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 46(2), 479-487.
Brenner, I., Wolfe, L., Monga, M. (1999). Physical conditioning effects on fetal heart rate responses to graded maternal exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 31(6), 792-799.
Brown, W., Trost, S. (2003). Life transitions and changing exercise patterns in young women. Am J Prev Med. 25, 140–3.
Bung, P., Artal, R. (1996). Gestational diabetes and exercise: a survey. Semin Perinatol. 20(4), 328-333.
Bungum, T.J., Peaslee, D.L., Jackson, A.W., Perez, M.A. (2000). Exercise during pregnancy and type of delivery in nulliparae. J Obstet Ggynecol Neonatal Nurs. 29(3), 258-264.
Clapp, J.F., Kiess, W. (2000). Effects of pregnancy and exercise on concentrations of the metabolic markers tumor necrosis factor [alpha] and leptin. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 182(2), 300–6
Dempsey, J., Buttler, C., Sorensen, T., et al. (2004). A case-control study of maternal recreational physical activity and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus [electronic. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 66(2), 203-215.
Devine, C., Bove, C., Olson, C. (2000). Continuity and change in women’s weight orientations and lifestyle practices through pregnancy and the postpartum period: the influence of life course trajectories and transitional events. Soc Sci Med. 50, 567–82.
Downs, D.S., Hausenblas, H.A. (2004). Women’s exercise beliefs and behaviors during their pregnancy and postpartum. J Midwifery Womens Health. 49(2), 138-144.
Duncombe, D., Skouteris, H., Wertheim, E., Kelly, L., Fraser, V., Paxton, S. (2006). Vigorous exercise and birth outcomes in a sample of recreational exercisers: a prospective study across pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 46(4), 288-295.
Evenson, K.R., Siega-Riz, A., Savitz, D.A., Leiferman, J.A., Thorp, J.M. (2002). Vigorous leisure activity and pregnancy outcome. Epidemiology. 13(6), 653-659.
Fenkçi, I.V. (2004). Maternal fizyoloji. In Çiçek MN, eds. Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Bilgisi. Ankara: Öncü Basımevi; ss 161- 169.
Hegaard, H.K., Pedersen, B.K., Nielsen, B.B., et al. (2007). Leisure-time exercise during pregnancy and impact on gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, preterm delivery and birth weight: a review. Acta Obstet Gyn Scan, 86, 1290–6.
Kihltrand, M., Stenman, B., Nilsson, S., Axelsson, O. (1999). Water-gymnastics reduced the intensity of back/low back pain in pregnant women Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 78(3), 180-189.
Lydon-Rochelle, M., Holt, V.L., Martin, D.P., Easterling, T. (2000). Association between method of delivery and maternal rehospitalization. JAMA. 283(10), 2411-2416.
Miller, R., Sales, A., Kopjar, B., et al. (2005). Adherence to heart-healthy behaviors in a sample of the U.S. population. Prev Chronic Dis. 2, 1–15.
Mooventhan, A. (2019). A comprehensive review on scientific evidence-based effects (including adverse effects) of yoga for normal and high-risk pregnancy-related health problems, Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 23(4), 721-727.
Mottola, M.F. (2002). Exercise in the postpartum period: practical applications. Curr Sports Med Rep. 1, 362–8
Nascimento S.L., Surita, F.G, Godoy, A.C., Kasawara, K.T., Morais, S.S. (2015). Correction: Physical Activity Patterns and Factors Related to Exercise during Pregnancy: A Cross Sectional Study. PLoS One, 10(6):e0128953
Pepe, C. (2006). Diabetes prevention program strategies and tools could be translated to practice setting. J Am Diet Assoc. 106(5), 705-708.
Roberts, J., Pearson, G., Cutler, J., Lindheimer, M. (2002). Summary of the NHLBI working group on research on hypertension during pregnancy [electronic version]. Hypertension. 41(3), 437-445.
Saftlas, A.F., Logsden-Sackett, N., Wang,. W., Woolson, R., Braken, M.B. (2004). Work, leisure-time physical activity, and risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Am J Epidemiol. 160(8), 758-765.
Sorensen, T.K., Williams, M.A., Lee, I., Dashow, E.C., Thompson, M.L., Luthy, D.A. (2003). Recreational physical activity during pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia. Hypertension. 41(6), 1273-1280.
Warburton, D.E., Nicol, C.W., Bredin, S.S. (2006). Health benefits of exercise: the evidence. Can Med Assoc J. 74, 801–9.
Referanslar
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2015). Your Pregnancy and Childbirth: Month to Month.
Artal, R. (2003). Exercise: the alternative therapeutic intervention for gestational diabetes. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 46(2), 479-487.
Brenner, I., Wolfe, L., Monga, M. (1999). Physical conditioning effects on fetal heart rate responses to graded maternal exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 31(6), 792-799.
Brown, W., Trost, S. (2003). Life transitions and changing exercise patterns in young women. Am J Prev Med. 25, 140–3.
Bung, P., Artal, R. (1996). Gestational diabetes and exercise: a survey. Semin Perinatol. 20(4), 328-333.
Bungum, T.J., Peaslee, D.L., Jackson, A.W., Perez, M.A. (2000). Exercise during pregnancy and type of delivery in nulliparae. J Obstet Ggynecol Neonatal Nurs. 29(3), 258-264.
Clapp, J.F., Kiess, W. (2000). Effects of pregnancy and exercise on concentrations of the metabolic markers tumor necrosis factor [alpha] and leptin. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 182(2), 300–6
Dempsey, J., Buttler, C., Sorensen, T., et al. (2004). A case-control study of maternal recreational physical activity and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus [electronic. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 66(2), 203-215.
Devine, C., Bove, C., Olson, C. (2000). Continuity and change in women’s weight orientations and lifestyle practices through pregnancy and the postpartum period: the influence of life course trajectories and transitional events. Soc Sci Med. 50, 567–82.
Downs, D.S., Hausenblas, H.A. (2004). Women’s exercise beliefs and behaviors during their pregnancy and postpartum. J Midwifery Womens Health. 49(2), 138-144.
Duncombe, D., Skouteris, H., Wertheim, E., Kelly, L., Fraser, V., Paxton, S. (2006). Vigorous exercise and birth outcomes in a sample of recreational exercisers: a prospective study across pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 46(4), 288-295.
Evenson, K.R., Siega-Riz, A., Savitz, D.A., Leiferman, J.A., Thorp, J.M. (2002). Vigorous leisure activity and pregnancy outcome. Epidemiology. 13(6), 653-659.
Fenkçi, I.V. (2004). Maternal fizyoloji. In Çiçek MN, eds. Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Bilgisi. Ankara: Öncü Basımevi; ss 161- 169.
Hegaard, H.K., Pedersen, B.K., Nielsen, B.B., et al. (2007). Leisure-time exercise during pregnancy and impact on gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, preterm delivery and birth weight: a review. Acta Obstet Gyn Scan, 86, 1290–6.
Kihltrand, M., Stenman, B., Nilsson, S., Axelsson, O. (1999). Water-gymnastics reduced the intensity of back/low back pain in pregnant women Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 78(3), 180-189.
Lydon-Rochelle, M., Holt, V.L., Martin, D.P., Easterling, T. (2000). Association between method of delivery and maternal rehospitalization. JAMA. 283(10), 2411-2416.
Miller, R., Sales, A., Kopjar, B., et al. (2005). Adherence to heart-healthy behaviors in a sample of the U.S. population. Prev Chronic Dis. 2, 1–15.
Mooventhan, A. (2019). A comprehensive review on scientific evidence-based effects (including adverse effects) of yoga for normal and high-risk pregnancy-related health problems, Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 23(4), 721-727.
Mottola, M.F. (2002). Exercise in the postpartum period: practical applications. Curr Sports Med Rep. 1, 362–8
Nascimento S.L., Surita, F.G, Godoy, A.C., Kasawara, K.T., Morais, S.S. (2015). Correction: Physical Activity Patterns and Factors Related to Exercise during Pregnancy: A Cross Sectional Study. PLoS One, 10(6):e0128953
Pepe, C. (2006). Diabetes prevention program strategies and tools could be translated to practice setting. J Am Diet Assoc. 106(5), 705-708.
Roberts, J., Pearson, G., Cutler, J., Lindheimer, M. (2002). Summary of the NHLBI working group on research on hypertension during pregnancy [electronic version]. Hypertension. 41(3), 437-445.
Saftlas, A.F., Logsden-Sackett, N., Wang,. W., Woolson, R., Braken, M.B. (2004). Work, leisure-time physical activity, and risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Am J Epidemiol. 160(8), 758-765.
Sorensen, T.K., Williams, M.A., Lee, I., Dashow, E.C., Thompson, M.L., Luthy, D.A. (2003). Recreational physical activity during pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia. Hypertension. 41(6), 1273-1280.
Warburton, D.E., Nicol, C.W., Bredin, S.S. (2006). Health benefits of exercise: the evidence. Can Med Assoc J. 74, 801–9.
