Aspergilloma
Özet
Aspergillosis is an infection caused by inhaling environmental Aspergillus fungi, primarily threatening immunosuppressed individuals or those with underlying lung diseases such as tuberculosis and COPD. Its most common form, aspergilloma, is characterized by solid masses ("fungus balls") consisting of fungal fibers, inflammatory cells, and mucus colonizing pre-existing lung cavities. In diagnosis, the radiological appearance of an "air-crescent" sign and the displacement of the mass with shifts in body position are typical, while histopathological evaluation provides the definitive diagnosis. Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) is the most frequent symptom, occurring in 50-83% of cases, and can carry a high fatality rate of up to 25%. Although stable and asymptomatic single lesions can be managed through follow-up, surgical resection (frequently lobectomy or sublobar resections) remains the most effective and curative treatment strategy, particularly in symptomatic patients. The overall prognosis depends heavily on the patient's medical history and the number of lesions; surgical intervention offers nearly complete 5-year survival for solitary lesions, whereas multiple lesions and concurrent underlying pulmonary conditions increase morbidity, mortality, and recurrence rates.
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