International Interventions in Haiti: an Analysis of the 1994 and 2004 Interventions Within The Framework of the Responsibility to Protect

Altman, I. (2007). The revolt of Enriquillo and the historiography of early Spanish America. The Americas, 63(4), 587–614.

BBC Türkçe. (2010, 27 Aralık). Haiti Başbakanı yardım kuruluşlarını eleştirdi. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2010/12/101227_haiti_pm

Clinton Foundation. (2012, October). Haiti: Lessons for the Future. https://stories.clintonfoundation.org/haiti-lessons-for-the-future-bbe0e300a829 (Accessed: January 5, 2025).

Cour Supérieure des Comptes et du Contentieux Administratif (CSCCA). (2019). Audit spécifique de gestion du fonds PetroCaribe: Gestion des projets financés par le fonds, rapport 2.

Cousens, E. M., Kumar, C., & Wermester, K. (2001). Peacebuilding as politics: Cultivating peace in fragile societies. Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Dubois, L. (2004). Avengers of the New World: The story of the Haitian Revolution. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Dupuy, A. (1989). Haiti in the world economy: Class, race, and underdevelopment since 1700. Westview Press.

Dupuy, A. (2019). Rethinking the Haitian Revolution: Slavery, independence and the struggle for recognition. Rowman & Littlefield.

GlobalSecurity.org. (2004). Operation Secure Tomorrow: Haiti. https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/haiti04.htm

Gros, J.-G. (2000). Haiti: The political economy and sociology of decay and renewal. Latin American Research Review, 35(3), 211-226.

Haitian Platform of Human Rights Organizations (c). (1994). Haiti: Direniş ve Demokrasi, Bilgilendirme Bülteni, 2(36), 1-3.

Hsu, K. J., & Schuller, M. (2020). Humanitarian aid and local power structures: Lessons from Haiti’s ‘shadow disaster’. Disasters, 44(4), 641-665.

Human Rights Watch/Americas, Jesuit Refugee Service/USA, & National Coalition for Haitian Refugees. (1994). Fugitives from injustice: The crisis of internal displacement in Haiti. Human Rights Watch.

Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haiti. (2017). New Report: Troubling Weaknesses in Electoral System Overshadow Return of Constitutional Rule in Haiti. http://haitielection2015.blogspot.com/ (Accessed: January 3, 2025).

International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS). (2001). The responsibility to protect. International Development Research Centre.

James, E. C. (2010). Democratic insecurities: Violence, trauma, and intervention in Haiti. University of California Press.

Kreps, S. E. (2007). The 1994 Haiti intervention: A unilateral operation in multilateral clothes. The Journal of Strategic Studies, 30(3), 449-474. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390701343441

Lemay-Hébert, N. (2015). United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). In J. A. Koops, T. Tardy, N. MacQueen, & P. D. Williams (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of United Nations peacekeeping operations (pp. 722-732). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Mobekk, E. (2017). UN peace operations: Lessons from Haiti, 1994-2016. Routledge.

National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). (2010). Earthquake event details. https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/8732 (Accessed: January 9, 2025).

Pinto, A. D. (2010). Denaturalizing “natural” disasters: Haiti’s earthquake and the humanitarian impulse. Open Medicine, 4(4).

République d’Haïti. (2016). PDNA Haiti 2016 - Ouragan Matthew. Gouvernement d’Haïti, Port-au-Prince.

Sciolino, E. (1994, May 9). Embassy in Haiti doubts Aristide’s rights reports. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/09/world/embassy-in-haiti-doubts-aristide-s-rights-reports.html

United Nations Country Team in Haiti. (2003). Integrated Emergency Response Programme Targeting Vulnerable Groups and Communities in Haiti. OCHA/CAP/2003/7.

United Nations Development Programme. (2024). Human Development Report 2023-24. https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2023-24 (Accessed: January 1, 2025).

United Nations General Assembly. (1991). Resolution 46/7. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/133636?ln=en&v=pdf (Accessed: January 2, 2025).

United Nations General Assembly. (1993). Resolution 47/20. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/166469?ln=en&v=pdf (Accessed: January 3, 2025).

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2003). 2003 Global Refugee Trends. https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/40d015fb4/2003-global-refugee-trends-overview-refugee-populations-new-arrivals-durable.html (Accessed: December 30, 2024).

United Nations Secretary-General. (1995). Report of the Secretary-General on the question concerning Haiti (S/1995/46).

United Nations Secretary-General. (1996). Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (S/1996/813). https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/221976 (Accessed: September 14, 2026).

United Nations Secretary-General. (2005). Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. https://undocs.org/S/2005/313 (Accessed: January 3, 2025).

United Nations Secretary-General. (2007). Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (S/2007/503). https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/605698 (Accessed: September 14, 2026).

United Nations Secretary-General. (2009). Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/663743?ln=en&v=pdf (Accessed: January 3, 2025).

United Nations Secretary-General. (2010). Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=S%2F2010%2F200&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False (Accessed: January 7, 2025).

United Nations Secretary-General. (2011). Humanitarian assistance, emergency relief, rehabilitation, recovery and reconstruction in response to the humanitarian emergency in Haiti, including the devastating effects of the earthquake: report of the Secretary-General. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/711310?ln=en&v=pdf (Accessed: January 7, 2025).

United Nations Secretary-General. (2012). Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (Report No. 128). https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/721782?ln=en&v=pdf (Accessed: January 3, 2025).

United Nations Secretary-General. (2016). Report of the Secretary-General on MINUSTAH. https://undocs.org/S/2016/753 (Accessed: January 4, 2025).

United Nations Secretary-General. (2017). Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (S/2017/223). https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/862341 (Accessed: September 14, 2026).

United Nations Security Council. (1993a). Resolution 841. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/168120?v=pdf (Accessed: January 3, 2025).

United Nations Security Council. (1993b). Resolution 861. http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/861 (Accessed: January 4, 2025).

United Nations Security Council. (1993c). Resolution 867. http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/867 (Accessed: January 2, 2025).

United Nations Security Council. (1994). Resolution 940. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/191651?ln=en&v=pdf (Accessed: January 2, 2025).

United Nations Security Council. (1996). Resolution 1063. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/216295 (Accessed: September 14, 2026).

United Nations Security Council. (1997). Resolution 1123. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/241001?ln=en&v=pdf (Accessed: January 3, 2025).

United Nations Security Council. (2004a). Resolution 1529. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/516210?ln=en&v=pdf (Accessed: January 3, 2025).

United Nations Security Council. (2004b). Resolution 1542. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/520532?ln=en (Accessed: September 14, 2026).

United Nations Security Council. (2017). Resolution 2350. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1286538?ln=en&v=pdf (Accessed: January 4, 2025).

United Nations Security Council. (2019). Resolution 2476. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3811025?ln=en (Accessed: January 4, 2025).

United Nations. (2016, December 1). Secretary-General apologizes for United Nations role in Haiti cholera epidemic, urges international funding of new response to disease. SG/SM/18323-GA/11862.

United Nations. (2024, September 27). UN Human Rights Office: No more lives should be lost to this senseless criminality in Haiti.

World Food Programme. (2024, September 30). Hunger in Haiti reaches historic high with one-in-two Haitians now in acute hunger.

Worldometer. (2025). Haiti population 2025. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/haiti-population/ (Accessed: March 20, 2025).