Kuraklık ve Tuzlulukta Mikorizal Fungus ve Rizobakteri Temelli Rizosfer Yönetimi: Bitki Beslenmesi ve Besin Kullanım Etkinliği
Synopsis
Drought and salinity adversely affect plant growth and nutrient use efficiency by restricting water and nutrient mobility, root nutrient uptake, and microbial activity in the rhizosphere. Under these conditions, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offer considerable potential for biological rhizosphere management. The contributions of AMF and PGPR to plant nutrition under drought and salinity stress are examined, with particular emphasis on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) acquisition and use efficiency, alongside potassium-to-sodium (K⁺/Na⁺) balance and iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) nutrition. AMF enhance nutrient acquisition, particularly P, through extraradical hyphae, whereas PGPR can improve nutrient availability and uptake through biological N fixation, phosphate solubilization, and modulation of root development. Although their combined application may provide complementary benefits, effectiveness depends on plant–microbe–soil compatibility, initial nutrient availability, and stress severity. Improvements in nutrient acquisition do not necessarily translate into increased biomass or yield, highlighting the need to evaluate microbial inoculation using total nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency indicators. Integrating AMF- and PGPR-based rhizosphere management with appropriate fertilization and irrigation strategies may therefore improve nutrient resource utilization and support sustainable crop production under drought and salinity stress.
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