Meme Kanseri
Synopsis
Meme kanseri kadınlarda en sık tanı konulan malignitedir. Kadınlarda kansere bağlı mortalitenin önemli nedenlerindendir. Son yıllarda tarama ve tanı yöntemlerindeki gelişmeler ve bu yöntemlerin ulaşılabilir olması sonucu erken tanı ve tedavi şansı artmıştır. Yaşanan tüm gelişmelere rağmen meme kanseri kadınlarda önemli bir sağlık sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir. Meme kanseri görülme sıklığı, morbidite ve mortalitesi; yaşanılan coğrafya, yaş, sağlık hizmeti düzeyi ve sağlık hizmetinin ulaşılabilirliğine göre değişmektedir. Meme kanseri etiyolojisinde çeşitli faktörler yer almaktadır, bu faktörler değiştirilebilir ve değiştirilemeyen risk faktörleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi ile yüksek riskli bireyler için takip ve tarama programları geliştirilmiştir. Güncel moleküler çalışmalar, meme kanserinin biyolojik ve histolojik olarak oldukça heterojen bir hastalık olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Meme kanseri; hormon reseptör durumu, HER2 ekspresyon durumu ve genetik özelliklerine göre alt tiplere ayrılmıştır. Luminal A, luminal B, HER2 pozitif ve üçlü negatif olmak üzere dört alt tip tanımlanmıştır. Bu alt tipler, hastalığın seyri, prognozu, tedavi stratejisi ve tedaviye yanıt açısından belirleyici rol oynamaktadır. Alt tiplerin tanımlanması, hastalığın tedavisinde kişiselleştirilmiş tedavi yaklaşımlarının geliştirilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Meme kanserinin tanı ve tedavi süreci, onkolojik cerrahi, tıbbı onkoloji, radyasyon onkolojisi, radyoloji ve patoloji gibi farklı disiplinlerin yer aldığı multidisipliner bir süreçtir. Multidisipliner yaklaşım ile tedavi stratejisinin bireyselleştirilmesi, tedavi etkinliğinin artırılması ve hasta sonuçlarının iyileştirilmesini hedeflenmektedir.
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