Ortodontide Mini ve Mikro Estetik

Christou T, Betlej A, Aswad N, et al. Clinical effectiveness of orthodontic treatment on smile esthetics: a systematic review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2019;(11):89–101. doi:10.2147/CCIDE.S189708

Tosun Y. İnterdisipliner Tedavilerde Ortodonti., Tosun Y (ed.) Ortodontide Modern Kavramlar içinde. Quintessence Publishing; 2021. p. 2.

Sarvera DM, Ackermanb JL. Orthodontics about face: The re-emergence of the esthetic paradigm. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2000;117(5):575–6. doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(00)70204-6

Proffit WR, Fields HW, Larson BE, et al. Contemporary Orthodontics. (6th ed). Elsevier; 2019. p. 149-167.

Ravindra N. Esthetics and biomechanics in orthodontics. Saunders: an imprint of Elsevier Inc; 2015. p. 8-68;513.

Sarver DM. Interactions of hard tissues, soft tissues, and growth over time, and their impact on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2015;148(3):380–6. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.04.030

Morley J, Eubank J. Macroesthetic elements of smile design. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2001;132(1):39–45. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2001.0023

Kokich VO, Kokich VG, Kiyak HA. Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: Asymmetric and symmetric situations. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2006;130(2):141–51. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.04.017

Geron S, Atalia W. Influence of sex on the perception of oral and smile esthetics with different gingival display and incisal plane inclination. Angle Orthod. 2005;75(5):778–84. doi:10.1043/0003-3219(2005)75[778:IOSOTP]2.0.CO;2 PubMed PMID: 16283815.

Mehta SB, Banerji S, Aulakh R. Patient assessment: preparing for a predictable aesthetic outcome. Dent Update. 2015;42(1):78–86. doi:10.12968/denu.2015.42.1.78

Melo M, Ata-Ali J, Ata-Ali F, et al. Evaluation of the maxillary midline, curve of the upper lip, smile line and tooth shape: a prospective study of 140 Caucasian patients. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):42. doi:10.1186/s12903-020-1031-y

Desai S, Upadhyay M, Nanda R. Dynamic smile analysis: Changes with age. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2009;136(3):310.e1-310.e10. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.01.021

Sarver DM. The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: The smile arc. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2001;120(2):98–111. doi:10.1067/mod.2001.114301

Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. The gingival smile line. Angle Orthod. 1992;62(2):91–100; discussion 101-2. doi:10.1043/0003-3219(1992)062<0091:TGSL>2.0.CO;2 PubMed PMID: 1626754.

Tjan AHL, Miller GD, The JGP. Some esthetic factors in a smile. J Prosthet Dent. 1984;51(1):24–8. doi:10.1016/S0022-3913(84)80097-9

Frush JP, Fisher RD. The dynesthetic interpretation of the dentogenic concept. J Prosthet Dent. 1958;8(4):558–81. doi:10.1016/0022-3913(58)90043-X

Janson G, Branco NC, Fernandes TMF, et al. Influence of orthodontic treatment, midline position, buccal corridor and smile arc on smile attractiveness. Angle Orthod. 2011;81(1):153–61. doi:10.2319/040710-195.1

Bud E, Vlasa A, Bud A, et al. Evaluation of Smile Aesthetics in Dental Students: Perceptions of Tooth Colour Changes Due to Incisor Inclination and Micro- and Mini-Aesthetic Characteristics Assessed by Professionals and Laypersons. Dent J (Basel). 2025;13(8):380. doi:10.3390/dj13080380

Moore T, Southard KA, Casko JS, et al. Buccal corridors and smile esthetics. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2005;127(2):208–13. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.11.027

Seixas MR, Camara CA. The smile arc: review and synthesis. Dental Press J Orthod. 2021;26(3). doi:10.1590/2177-6709.26.3.e21spe3

Sarver DM. Principles of cosmetic dentistry in orthodontics: Part 1. Shape and proportionality of anterior teeth. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2004;126(6):749–53. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.07.034

Akl MA, Mansour DE, Mays K, et al. Mathematical Tooth Proportions: A Systematic Review. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2022;31(4):289–98. doi:10.1111/jopr.13420

Shillingburg HT, Kaplan MJ, Grace SC. Tooth dimensions--a comparative study. J South Calif Dent Assoc. 1972;40(9):830–9. PubMed PMID: 4538303.

Kolte AP, Kolte RA, Bawankar P. Proximal contact areas of maxillary anterior teeth and their influence on interdental papilla. Saudi Dent J. 2018;30(4):324–9. doi:10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.05.007

Ogawa Y, Zuhr O, Avila‐Ortiz G, et al. Interdisciplinary Management of Open Interproximal Embrasures. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2025. doi:10.1111/jerd.70015

Kokich VO, Kıyak HA, Shapiro PA. Comparing the Perception of Dentists and Lay People to Altered Dental Esthetics. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 1999;11(6):311–24. doi:10.1111/j.1708-8240.1999.tb00414.x

Tarnow DP, Magner AW, Fletcher P. The Effect of the Distance From the Contact Point to the Crest of Bone on the Presence or Absence of the Interproximal Dental Papilla. J Periodontol. 1992;63(12):995–6. doi:10.1902/jop.1992.63.12.995

Uribe F, Holliday B, Nanda R. Incidence of open gingival embrasures after mandibular incisor extractions: A clinical photographic evaluation. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2011;139(1):49–54. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.03.049

Burke S, Burch JG, Tetz JA. Incidence and size of pretreatment overlap and posttreatment gingival embrasure space between maxillary central incisors. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1994;105(5):506–11. doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(94)70013-3

Kurth JR, Kokich VG. Open gingival embrasures after orthodontic treatment in adults: Prevalence and etiology. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2001;120(2):116–23. doi:10.1067/mod.2001.114831

Ko-Kimura N, Kimura-Hayashi M, Yamaguchi M, et al. Some factors associated with open gingival embrasures following orthodontic treatment. Aust Orthod J. 2003;19(1):19–24. PubMed PMID: 12790352.

Andreescu CF, Mihai LL, Răescu M, et al. Age influence on periodontal tissues: a histological study. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2013;54(3 Suppl):811–5. PubMed PMID: 24322032.

Sharma AA, Park JH. Esthetic Considerations in Interdental Papilla: Remediation and Regeneration. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2010;22(1):18–28. doi:10.1111/j.1708-8240.2009.00307.x

Velvart P, Ebner‐Zimmermann U, Ebner JP. Comparison of long‐term papilla healing following sulcular full thickness flap and papilla base flap in endodontic surgery. Int Endod J. 2004;37(10):687–93. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.2004.00852.x

Kokich VG, Spear FM. Guidelines for managing theorthodontic-restorative patient. Semin Orthod. 1997;3(1):3–20. doi:10.1016/S1073-8746(97)80036-9

Pawar B, Mishra P, Banga P, et al. Gingival zenith and its role in redefining esthetics: A clinical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2011;15(2):135. doi:10.4103/0972-124X.84382

de Souza Lisita HL, de Oliveira Lenza MM, Beaton Lenza E, et al. Gingival Zenith as a Reference for Bonding Braces. Journal of Orthodontics & Endodontics. 2018;04(01). doi:10.21767/2469-2980.100052

Kokich VG. Excellence in finishing: modifications for the perio-restorative patient. Semin Orthod. 2003;9(3):184–203. doi:10.1016/S1073-8746(03)00033-1

Rosenstiel SF., Land MF., Fujimoto J. Contemporary fixed prosthodontics. Elsevier; 2016. 624–646 p.

Ahn JS, Lee YK. Color distribution of a shade guide in the value, chroma, and hue scale. J Prosthet Dent. 2008;100(1):18–28. doi:10.1016/S0022-3913(08)60129-8

Choi JY, Park JJ, Park KH, et al. Torque and vertical control of maxillary incisors for an esthetic smile using TSADs implanted in various areas: Biomechanical considerations. Semin Orthod. 2022;28(3):136–48. doi:10.1053/j.sodo.2022.10.012

Ostler MS, Kokich VG. Alveolar ridge changes in patients congenitally missing mandibular second premolars. J Prosthet Dent. 1994;71(2):144–9. doi:10.1016/0022-3913(94)90022-1

Schneider U, Moser L, Fornasetti M, et al. Esthetic evaluation of implants vs canine substitution in patients with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: Are there any new insights? American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2016;150(3):416–24. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.02.025

Schroeder DK, Schroeder MA, Vasconcelos V. Agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors: diagnosis and treatment options. Dental Press J Orthod. 2022;27(1). doi:10.1590/2177-6709.27.1.e22spe1

Zachrisson BU. Improving orthodontic results in cases with maxillary incisors missing. Am J Orthod. 1978;73(3):274–89. doi:10.1016/0002-9416(78)90134-3

Kokıch VO, Kınzer GA. Managing Congenitally Missing Lateral Incisors. Part I: Canine Substitution. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2005;17(1):5–10. doi:10.1111/j.1708-8240.2005.tb00076.x

Hosni S, Darcey J, Malik OH. Orthodontic/restorative interface part 2. Dent Update. 2018;45(9):811–27. doi:10.12968/denu.2018.45.9.811

Zachrisson BU, Rosa M, Toreskog S. Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: Canine substitution. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2011;139(4):434–44. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.02.003

Kokıch V. Esthetics and Anterior Tooth Position: An Orthodontic Perspective Part III: Mediolateral Relationships. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 1993;5(5):200–7. doi:10.1111/j.1708-8240.1993.tb00781.x

Sarver DM. Enameloplasty and Esthetic Finishing in Orthodontics-Identification and Treatment of Microesthetic Features in Orthodontics Part 1. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2011;23(5):296–302. doi:10.1111/j.1708-8240.2011.00446.x

Seixas MR, Costa-Pinto RA, Araújo TM de. Gingival esthetics: an orthodontic and periodontal approach. Dental Press J Orthod. 2012;17(5):190–201. doi:10.1590/S2176-94512012000500025

McNamara JA., Kelly KA., Ferrara AM. Frontiers of dental and facial esthetics. Center for Human Growth and Development and Dept. of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan; 2001. 1–18 p.

Kokich VG, Nappen DL, Shapiro PA. Gingival contour and clinical crown length: Their effect on the esthetic appearance of maxillary anterior teeth. Am J Orthod. 1984;86(2):89–94. doi:10.1016/0002-9416(84)90300-2

Kokıch V. Esthetics and Anterior Tooth Position: An Orthodontic Perspective Part II: Vertical Position. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 1993;5(4):174–8. doi:10.1111/j.1708-8240.1993.tb00774.x

Fradeani M. Esthetic analysis : a systematic approach to prosthetic treatment. Quintessence Pub. Co.; 2004. 352 p.

Andrews LF. The six keys to normal occlusion. Am J Orthod. 1972;62(3):296–309. doi:10.1016/s0002-9416(72)90268-0 PubMed PMID: 4505873.

O’Higgins EA, Kirschen RH, Lee RT. The influence of maxillary incisor inclination on arch length. Br J Orthod. 1999;26(2):97–102. doi:10.1093/ortho/26.2.97 PubMed PMID: 10420243.

Papageorgiou SN, Konstantinidis I, Papadopoulou K, et al. Clinical effects of pre-adjusted edgewise orthodontic brackets: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 2014;36(3):350–63. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjt064

Sebanc J, Brantley WA, Pincsak JJ, et al. Variability of effective root torque as a function of edge bevel on orthodontic arch wires. Am J Orthod. 1984;86(1):43–51. doi:10.1016/0002-9416(84)90275-6

Cao L, Zhang K, Bai D, et al. Effect of maxillary incisor labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior position on smiling profile esthetics. Angle Orthod. 2011;81(1):121–9. doi:10.2319/033110-181.1

Ciucchi P, Kiliaridis S. Incisor inclination and perceived tooth colour changes. Eur J Orthod. 2017;39(5):554–9. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjw086

Sarver DM, Ackerman MB. Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: Part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2003;124(1):4–12. doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(03)00306-8

Elias KG, Sivamurthy G, Bearn DR. Extraction vs nonextraction orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Angle Orthod. 2024;94(1):83–106. doi:10.2319/021123-98.1

Luppanapornlarp S, Johnston LE. The effects of premolar-extraction: a long-term comparison of outcomes in “clear-cut” extraction and nonextraction Class II patients. Angle Orthod. 1993;63(4):257–72. doi:10.1043/0003-3219(1993)063<0257:TEOPAL>2.0.CO;2 PubMed PMID: 8297050.

Paquette DE, Beattie JR, Johnston LE. A long-term comparison of nonextraction and premolar extraction edgewise therapy in “borderline” Class II patients. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1992;102(1):1–14. doi:10.1016/0889-5406(92)70009-Y

Dierkes JM. The beauty of the face: an orthodontic perspective. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1987;115:89E-95E. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1987.0313

Spahl TJ., Witzig JW. The clinical management of basic maxillofacial orthopedic appliances. PSG Pub. Co.; 1987.

Cheng HC, Wang YC, Tam KW, et al. Effects of tooth extraction on smile esthetics and the buccal corridor: A meta-analysis. J Dent Sci. 2016;11(4):387–93. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2016.04.003

Ghaffar F, Fida M. Effect of extraction of first four premolars on smile aesthetics. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 2011;33(6):679–83. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjq133

El-Bokle D, Ahmed F. Bracket positioning in orthodontics: Past and present. AJO-DO Clinical Companion. 2023;3(2):77–84. doi:10.1016/j.xaor.2023.01.001

Kantharaju VH, Shivaprakash G, Shamnur N. The Relationship between Posttreatment Smile Esthetics and the ABO Objective Grading System: Class I Extraction versus Non-Extraction Cases. Turk J Orthod. 2021;34(1):39–45. doi:10.5152/TurkJOrthod.2020.20030

Schabel BJ, McNamara JA, Baccetti T, et al. The relationship between posttreatment smile esthetics and the ABO Objective Grading System. Angle Orthod. 2008;78(4):579–84. doi:10.2319/0003-3219(2008)078[0579:TRBPSE]2.0.CO;2 PubMed PMID: 18302453.

McLaughlin RP., Bennett JC., Trevisi HJ. Systemized orthodontic treatment mechanics. Mosby; 2001. p. 324.

Sarver DM. Dentofacial esthetics : from macro to micro. Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc; 2020.

Hulsey CM. An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile. Am J Orthod. 1970;57(2):132–44. doi:10.1016/0002-9416(70)90260-5

Andrews LF. The straight-wire appliance. Explained and compared. J Clin Orthod . 1976;10(3):174–95.

Ricketts RM. Bioprogressive therapy as an answer to orthodontic needs Part I. Am J Orthod. 1976;70(3):241–68. doi:10.1016/0002-9416(76)90332-8

Pitts TR. Bracket Positioning for Smile Arc Protection. J Clin Orthod. 2017;51(3):142–56. PubMed PMID: 28646818.

Farzanegan F, Ghasemzadeh A, Ghorbani M, et al. A comparison of the effectiveness of standard anterior bracket placement versus smile arc protection method: A randomized clinical trial. J World Fed Orthod. 2025;14(3):131–9. doi:10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.01.001