Küresel İlişkiler Zemininde Güney Sudan Sorunu

Yazarlar

İbrahim Acar
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8001-4957

Özet

-

Referanslar

Abadi, J. (2004). Israel’s quest for recognition and acceptance in Asia: Garrison state diplomacy. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537129908719570: Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2024

Acar, İ. (2008). Küresel İlişkiler Zemininde Darfur Sorunu (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Beykent Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü

AÇAUM, (2009) Ankara Üniversitesi Afrika Çalışmaları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi, Afrika Gündemi Raporu, Ankara.

African Development Bank. (2015). East Africa Regional Integration Strategy Paper, https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Final%20E nglish%20versionThe%20AfDB%20in%20EA%20publication%20.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2025

African Development Bank. (2021). South Sudan Economic Outlook 2021. https://www. afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/south-sudan, Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2025

African Union Commission. (2011). Statement on the Recognition of the Republic of South Sudan. https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20110810/south-sudan-join-african- union, Erişim tarihi: 24.03.2025

African Union Commission. (2015). Final Report of the African Union Commission of Inquiry on South Sudan. https://www.peaceau.org/en/article/final-report-of-the- african-union-commission-of-inquiry-on-south-sudan, Erişim tarihi: 24.03.2025

African Union Commission. (2023). About the African Union. https://portal.africa- union.org/DVD/Documents/DOC-AUWD/EX%20CL%201505%20(XLIV)%20

_E.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 19.06.2025

Agreement on Security Arrangements during the Interim Period. (2003), Naivasha.https:// peacemaker.un.org/sites/default/files/document/files/2024/05/sd030925agreement onsecurityarrangementsduringinterimperiod.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 24.03.2025

Ağaoğlu, M. A. (2001). Sokrates’ten Jakobenlere Batı’da Siyasal Düşünceler. İletişim Yayıncılık, İstanbul.

Ahmed, A. A. (2017). Hydro-politics of the Nile Basin: A Sudanese perspective. Nile Basin Research Journal. http://www.hydrolj.com/article/10.11648/j.hyd.20251 302.15, Erişim tarihi: 25.04.2025

Akande, D. (2009). The legal nature of Security Council referrals to the ICC and its impact on Al Bashir’s immunities. Journal of International Criminal Justice. https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqp031, Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2025

Albayrak, H.Ş. (2019). Christian Zionism in the US: Its Roots, Founding Principles and Its Influence in American Politics. https://iupress.istanbul.edu.tr/en/journal/ ilahiyatjournal/article/abdde-hiristiyan-siyonizmi-kokeni-inanc-esaslari-ve- gunumuz-amerikan-siyasetine-etkisi PDF, Erişim tarihi: 02.04.2025

Al Jazeera. (2009). Sudan’s Kiir urges independence. https://www.aljazeera. com/news/2009/11/2/sudans-kiir-urges-independence, Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2025

Aleu-Baak, M. W. (2011). Perceptions and voices of South Sudanese about the North: Ethnic and traditional differences between African Christians/animists and Arab Muslims (Yüksek lisans tezi, Portland State University). https://pdxscholar. library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1183, Erişim tarihi: 22.07.2024

Alier, A. (1990). Southern Sudan: Too many agreements dishonoured.Exeter, Ithaca Press.

Allen, T. (2006). Trial Justice: The International Criminal Court and the Lord’s Resistance Army. https://www.bloomsburycollections.com/searchresults?any=&su= monograph. Erişim tarih: 11.04.2025

Amuko, A.O. (2013) International Trade Opportunities between Kenya And South Sudan. http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/11732/6118, Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2025

Anadolu Ajansı. (2025). Türkiye ve Güney Sudan ekonomik ve eğitim iş birliği görüşmelerini yoğunlaştırdı.

Anyak, B. (2024). The Quest for Economic Diversification in South Sudan: Overcoming Reliance on Oil and Curbing Inflation. The Sudd Institute Policy Brief, PDF. https://suddinstitute.org/assets/Publications/66d9596576593_TheQuestForEcono micDiversificationInSouthSudan_Full.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 24.04.2025

Arnault, J. (2006). Good Agreement? Bad Agreement? An Implementation Perspective Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue, Den Haag. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/ peacemaker.un.org/files/Good%20AgreementBad%20Agreement_Arnault.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2024

Arnold, M. B., & LeRiche, M. (2013). South Sudan: From Revolution to Independence. Oxford University Press, London.

Asante, S. K. B. (2005). The Politics Of Confrontation And Indifference: United States And Afrıca. Department Of Political Science, University Of Ghana, Legon., Utafiti-Vol. 4 No. 1 July 1979. http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African% 20Journals/pdfs/Utafiti/vol4no1/aejp004001008.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2025

Ashworth, J.& Ryan, M. (2013). One Nation from Every Tribe, Tongue, and People: The Church and Strategic Peacebuilding in South Sudan. https://www.cmi.no /file/2291- The-Church-and-Strategic-Peacebuilding-in-South-Sudan.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2025

Bach, D. (2011). Africa in international relations: The frontier as concept and metaphor. South African Journal of International Affairs. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniel-Bach/publication/272123634_Africa_ in_international_relations_The_frontier_as_concept_and_metaphor/links/5dc0021 0a6fdcc212800b586/Africa-in-international-relations-The-frontier-as-concept-and-metaphor.pdf., Erişim tarihi: 17.03.2024

Bach, D. (2009). The European Union and Africa: Trade Liberalisation, Constructive Disengagement, and Securitisation of Europe’s External Frontiers. Africa Review. http://www.durkheim.sciencespobordeaux.fr/PDF/Africa%20Review%20Daniel% 20Bach%20Asa%20Review%20Delhi.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 19.07.2024

Baldo, S. (2005). Could peace unravel? Forced Migration Review, New York. https://www.fmreview.org/baldo/, Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2025

Bar S.T. (1980). The strategy of war by proxy: Israel’s support for the Southern Sudanese secessionist movement. Journal of Strategic Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402398008437115, Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2025

Bariagaber, A. (2016). Conflict and the refugee experience: Flight, exile, and repatriation in the Horn of Africa. Routledge.

Barnett, T. P.M. (2009). Great Powers, America And The World After Bush.New York. Bashir, H.§ Lewis, D. (2008) Tears of Desert A Memoir Of Survival In Darfur, New York. Baylis J., Steve S.(2006). Globalization of World Politics. Oxford University Press,3rd ed.

Bebbington, D. W. (1989). Evangelicalism in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s. Routledge.

Bereketeab, R. (2012). Self Determination and Secessionism In Somaliland And South Sudan, Challanges To Postcolonial State-Building. Discussion Paper 75, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Upsala.

Beswick, S. (2004). Sudan’s Blood Memory: The Legacy of War, Ethnicity, and Slavery in Early South Sudan. University of Rochester Press.New York.

Bishara, A. (2015). The Arab Spring: A regional interpretation. Cambridge University Press.

Boahen, A. A. (1989). African Perspective On Colonialism. The John Hopkins University Press, Maryland.

BP Statistical Review. (2022). BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2022. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/ energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 25.05.2024

Bradbury, M. (2006). Local Peace Processes in Sudan:A Baseline Study. Rift Valley Institute. https://ucp.gn.apc.org/sites/default/files/res/documents/2024- 12/RS510_.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 25.04.2024

Branch, A. (2011). Displacing human rights: War and intervention in Northern Uganda.

Oxford University Press.

Branch, A., & Mampilly, Z. (2005). Winning the War, but Losing the Peace? The Dilemma of SPLM/A Civil Administration and the Tasks Ahead. Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol.43,No,.1., Cambridge University Press.

Branch, A., & Mampilly, Z. (2015). Africa uprising: Popular protest and political change. London: Zed Books.

Brown, L.R. (2009) American Foreign Policy Toward the Sudan, From Isolation to Engagement, Why The Bush Administration Turned Around U.S. Sudan Policy. A Report For National War Colledge, National Defence University of Committee. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA441626.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2025

Brzezinski, Z. (2007). Second Chance, Three Presidents and The Crisis of American Superpower. Basic Books, New York.

Burr, M., & Collins, R. O., (2003). Revolutionary Sudan: Hasan al-Turabi and the Islamist State.https://www.rahs-open-lid.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ Revolutionary- Sudan_-Hasan-Al-Turabi-and-the-Islamist-State-1989-2000-PDFDrive-.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 17.07.2024

Burr, M.J. & Collins, R.O. (2006). Darfur: The Long Road to Disaster. Marcus Viener, Princeton.

Caprile, A.& Pichon, E. (2024). Russia in Africa: An Atlas, European Parliamentary ResearchService, PDF. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/ etudes/BRIE/ 2024/757654/EPRS_BRI(2024)757654_EN.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 11.12.2024

Cascão, A. E. (2009). Changing power relations in the Nile River Basin: Unilateralism vs. cooperation. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ana-Cascao/ publication/26624907_Changing_Power_Relations_in_the_Nile_River_Basin_Unilateralism_ vs_Cooperation/links/5631ed6908ae0530378d3958/Changing-Power-Relations- in-the-Nile-River-Basin-Unilateralism-vs-Cooperation.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2005

Charbonneau, B. (2017). France and the New Imperialism: Security Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa. E-book. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/97813155 82948/france-new-imperialism-bruno-charbonneau,Erişim tarihi: 22.06.2005

Cislo, W. (2014). The Historical and religious conditions of the split of Sudan.in the context of Christian-Muslim relationships. The Person and the Challenges, Volume 4 (2014) Number 1, p. 203–221, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw.

Clapham, C. (1996). Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival. Cambridge University Press.

Cliffe, L.(2003).Regional Dimensions of Conflict in the Horn of Africa.Third World Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590002243, Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2024

Clinton, H. R. (2010). Statement on Sudan Referendum. U.S. Department of State Archives. https://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/09/09/sudan. clinton.referendum/index.html, Erişim tarihi: 21.11.2024

Collins, R. O. (2008). A History of Modern Sudan. Cambridge University Press.

Collins, R. O. (2009). The Southern Sudan in Historical Perspective. Transaction Publishers, London

Comprehensive Peace Agreement. (2005). https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/default/files/ document/files/2024/05/sd060000the20comprehensive20peace20agreement.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 17.05.2023

Copeland, D. (2009). Guerrilla Diplomacy: Rethinking International Relations. https://www.guerrilladiplomacy.com/wp-content/uploads/gd-introduction-reinner- 4a1d7593b6096.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 07.04.2025

Copnall, J. (2014). A poisonous thorn in our hearts: Sudan and South Sudan’s bitter and incomplete divorce. Palgrave Macmillan.

Crawford, J. (2007). The Right of Self-Determination in International Law: Its Development and Application to the Case of Southern Sudan. Cambridge University Press.

Craze, J. (2014). The politics of numbers: On security sector reform in South Sudan. Small Arms Survey Working Paper 31.https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/resource/ impasse-conflict-blue-nile-hsba-working-paper-31, Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2025

Craze, J. (2016). South Sudan’s Armed Conflict. Small Arms Survey. https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/HSBA-Synthesis- Report-2016.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 11.06.2026

Çakmak,C. (2007) “Uluslarası Ceza Mahkemesinin Darfur Krizi’ne Müdahil Olması ve ABD’nin Süper Güç Olarak Limitleri, Uluslararası Hukuk Ve Politika Dergisi”, c.3,n.10,ss.43-47

Dagne, T. (2004). Sudan:The Darfur Crisis and the Status of the North-South Negotiations. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA457813.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 22.04.2024

Daily Nation. (2016). Kenya firms count losses in South Sudan conflict. https://nation.africa/kenya/business/kenyan-companies-count-losses-from-south- sudan-war-1216744#google_vignette, Erişim tarihi: 19.09.2024

Daly, M. W. (2003). Empire on the Nile: The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1898–1934.

Cambridge University Press.

Danforth, J.C. (2002). Report to the President on the Outlook for Peace in Sudan. Office of the Special Envoy for Sudan. https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/new s/releases/2002/05/outlook_for_peace_in_sudan.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 19.09.2024

de Waal, A. (2004). Islamism and Its Enemies in Horn of Africa. Indiana University Press.

de Waal, A. (2007). Sudan:The Turbulent State. In War in Darfur and the Search for Peace. https://www.academia.edu/78040612/War_in_Darfur_and_ the_Search_for _Peace, Erişim tarihi: 01.10.2024

de Waal, A. (2007). Sudan:What Kind of State? What Kind of Crisis? Crisis States Research Centre.Pdf. https://www.lse.ac.uk/international-development/Assets/ Documents/PDFs/csrc-occasional-papers/OP2-Sudan-what-kind-of-state-what- kind-of-crisis.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 01.10.2024

de Waal, A. (2015). The Real Politics of the Horn of Africa: Money, War and the Business of Power. Cambridge: Polity Press.

de Waal, A. (2015). When kleptocracy becomes insolvent: Brute causes of the civil war in South Sudan. African Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adv023. Erişim tarihi: 19.07.2025

Deng, F. M. (1995). War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan. Washington DC, Brookings Institution Press.

Deng, F. M. (2010). Sudan at the Brink: Self-Determination and National Unity. Washington DC, Brookings Institution Press.

Doom, R., & Vlassenroot, K. (2019). Kony’s Message: A New Koine? The Lord’s Resistance Army in Northern Uganda. African Affairs, vol.118, no: 473. https://www.jstor.org/stable/e48503951, Erişim tarihi: 17.03.2025

Dorward, D. (212). Oil Fuels The Conflict Between Sudan And South Sudan – And It Keeps Getting Hotter. https://theconversation.com/oil-fuels-the-conflict-between- sudan-and-south-sudan-and-it-keeps-getting-hotter-6622, Erişim tarihi: 19.07.2025

East African Community (EAC). (2016). Communiqué on the admission of the Republic of South Sudan into the East African Community. https://www.eac.int/statements/423-611-138-communique-signing-ceremony-of- the-treaty-of-accession-of-the-republic-of-south-sudan-into-the-east-african- community, Erişim tarihi: 03.03.2025

EEAS. (2011). EU Recognizes the Republic of South Sudan. European External Action Service.

El-Affendi, A. (2001). The Impasse in the IGAD Peace Process for Sudan: The Limits of Regional Peacemaking? African Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.401.58, Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2024

El-Affendi, A. (2001). The implications of the rise and fall of the SPLA/M in Sudan. African Affairs.https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.398.583.Erişim tarihi: 19.07.2024

Elbeely, K. H. (2013). The Economic Impact of Southern Sudan Seccession. International Journal of Business and Social Research. Vol 3. No 7 https://thejournal ofbusiness.org/index.php/site/article/view/250, Erişim tarihi: 19.07.2024

Elhance, A. P. (1999). Hydropolitics in the Third World: Conflict and cooperation in international river basins. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.

El-Tom, A. O. (2003). Darfur: The politics of genocide. Zed Books.

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2024). Nile River basin map. https://www. britannica.com/place/Nile-River/Study-and-exploration,Erişim tarihi: 22.09.2024

Eralp, A.(2010). Devlet Ve Ötesi, Uluslararası İlişkilerde Temel Kavramlar. Istanbul.

Fahmy, K. (1997). All the Pasha’s Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army and the Making of Modern Egypt. Cambridge University Press.

FAO. (2019). Sudan: Agricultural sector review. https://www.fao.org/common- pages/search/en/?q=FAO.+%282019%29.+Sudan%3A+Agricultural+sector+revie w.+, Erişim tarihi: 13.03.2025

FAO. (2020). South Sudan: Agricultural development and food security. https://www.fao.org/agrifood-economics/publications/en/?page=16&ipp=10&tx_ dynalist_pi1%5Bpar%5D=YToyOntzOjI1OiJ1c2VyX2V4dGV4dGVuZGVyX2Fi c3RyYWN0IjtzOjU6IjI5OTY2IjtzOjE6IkwiO3M6MToiMiI7fQ%3D%3D, Erişim tarihi: 13.03.2025

Ferris, E., & Winthrop, R. (2010). Education and Displacement: Assessing Conditions for Refugees and IDPs in Kenya’s Kakuma Camp. Brookings Institution. https://www.humanitarianlibrary.org/sites/default/files/2014/02/190715e.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 12.04.2025

Fleischner, J. (2011). Secession and Precedent in Sudan and Africa, United States Institute of Peace. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-Y3_P31-PURL- gpo34730/pdf/GOVPUB-Y3_P31-PURL-gpo34730.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 16.03 2025

Flint,J. & de Waal, A. (2008). Darfur: A New History A Long War. New York

Fluehr-Lobban, C. (1991). Islamization in Sudan: A Critical Assessment. Middle East Journal. Vol 44, No:4.

Fukayama, F. (2006). The End of History And The Last Man. Free Press, New York.

Gill, B., & Huang, C. (2009). China’s expanding peacekeeping role: Its significance and the policy implications (SIPRI Policy Paper No. 25). Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/ PP/SIPRIPP25.pdf Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2025

Golooba M. F. (2008). Collapse, war and reconstruction in Uganda: An analytical narrative on state-making. Crisis States Research Centre. https://www.lse.ac.uk/international-development/Assets/Documents/PDFs/csrc- working-papers-phase-two/wp27.2-collapse-war-and-reconstruction-in- uganda.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 17.02.2025

Gramizzi, C., & Tubiana, J. (2012). Forgotten Darfur: Old tactics and new players. Small Arms Survey HSBA Working Paper 28. https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/ default/files/resources/HSBA-WP-28-Forgotten-Darfur.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 17.02.2025

Hamilton, R., & Prendergast, J. (2006). Darfur: A Short History of a Long War. PublicAffairs.

Harita Genel Müdürlüğü. (2024). Afrika–Avrupa siyasi haritası.https://www. harita.gov.tr/urun/afrika-avrupa-siyasi-haritasi/568, Erişim tarihi: 22.04.2024

Harita Genel Müdürlüğü. 2024, Sudan siyasi haritası. https://www. harita.gov.tr/urun/sudan-siyasi-haritasi/566, Erişim tarihi: 20.07. 2024

Harita Genel Müdürlüğü. (2024). Mısır siyasi haritası. https://www.harita.gov.tr/urun/misir-siyasi-haritasi/556, Erişim tarihi: 17.07.2024

Harita Genel Müdürlüğü. (2024). Etiyopya siyasi haritası. https://www.harita.gov.tr/urun/etiyopya-siyasi-haritasi/564, Erişim tarihi: 17.07.2024

Harman, D. (2011). As South Sudan prepares for independence, old hurts linger. https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2011/0124/As-South-Sudan-prepares- for-independence-old-hurts-linger, Erişim tarihi: 17.02.2025

Hasan,Y.F. (2005). Sudan Özelinde Türk Afrika İlişkilerinin Bazı Yönleri. (Çev.H.D.Bilgin). Makale, Tasam 1.Uluslararası Türk Afrika Kongresi, İstanbul,

Hazar, Numan, (2011). Küreselleşme Sürecinde Afrika ve Türkiye Afrika İlişkileri. Usak Yayınları, Ankara.

Herlinger, C. & Jeffrey, P. (2009). Where Mercy Fails Darfur’s Struggle To Survive, London.

Hiboro, T. (2019). The Role of IGAD in Resolution of the Conflict of South Sudan. A Thesis Submitted to School of Law of Addis Ababa University. https://etd.aau.edu.et/server/api/core/bitstreams/099a9a44-ce4f-4553-8642-5e80b9 bd9b91/content, Erişim tarihi: 13.03.2025

Hobsbawm, E. J. (1987). The Age Of Empire: 1875–1914. Vintage.

Hodzi, O. (2017). China In The South Sudanese Armed Conflict. PDF. https://www.irsem.fr/storage/file_manager_files/2025/03/obs-chine-201701-na14- chine-sud-soudan.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 27.04.2025

Holt, P.M. and Daly,M.W. (2011). A History Of The Sudan, From The Coming Of Islam To The Present Day. 6th Ed., Pearson Education Limited, Baskerville.

Human Rights Watch (2002). Sudan: Oil and Human Rights. Human Rights Watch. https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/south-sudan/oil-and-state-building- south-sudan, Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2025

Human Rights Watch. (1994). Civilian Devastation: Abuses by All Parties in the War in Southern Sudan. https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/s/sudan /sudan946.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 19.03.2025

Human Rights Watch. (1998). Global Trade, Local Impact: Arms Transfers to all Sides in the Civil War in Sudan. https://www.refworld.org/reference/ countryrep/hrw/1998/en/40110, Erişim tarihi: 19.03.2025

Huliaras, A. (2006). Evangelists, Oil Companies, and Terrorists: The Bush Administration’s Policy towards Sudan. A Report Published by Elsevier Limited on behalf of Foreign Policy Research Institute, http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/hpschm itz/PSC350/PSC350Readings/BushSudanOil.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2025

Hulme, D. (2018). The role of NGOs in evidence-based policy influence: Oxfam as a case study. Nature Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-018-0176-7, Erişim tarihi: 22.01.2025

Hynson, C., Çev.Keskiner, K. (2010). Afrikanın Keşfi. Koleksiyon Yayıncılık,Istanbul.

ICG., (2002). Sudan’s Best Chance for Peace: How Not to Lose It, Africa Report No. 51. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/28730/051_sudan_peace.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 20.05.2025

ICG., (2010). Eritrea: The Siege State. Africa Report No. 163. https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/163-eritrea-the-siege-state.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 02.02.2025

ICG., (2011). South Sudan: Compounding Instability in Unity State. Africa Report No. 179. https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/south-sudan/179-south-sudan- compounding-instability-unity-state, Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2025

ICG., (2010). Negotiating Sudan’s North–South Future, Africa Briefing No. 75. https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/sudan/b076-negotiating-sudans-north-south- future, Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2025

ICG., (2013). Sudan and South Sudan’s merging conflicts. Africa Report No. 198. https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/223-sudan-and-south-sudan-s- merging-conflicts.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2025

ICG,. (2014). South Sudan: A Civil War by Any Other Name, Africa Report No. 217. https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/south-sudan/217-south-sudan-civil-war-any- other-name, Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2025

ICG., (2019). Bridging the gap in the Nile waters dispute. Africa Report No. 271. https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/271-bridging-the-gap.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 15.04.2025

IGAD., (1994). Declaration of Principles, IGAD Secretariat. https://igad.int/page/1/?s=Declaration+of+Principles, Erişim tarihi: 15.06.2024

IGAD., (2002). Machakos Protocol, IGAD Secretariat. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/default/files/document/files/2024/05/sd020710mac hakosprotocol.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 20.05.2025

IGAD. (2011a). Report on the IGAD Referendum Observation Mission. Available at: https://igad.int/referendum-observer-mission-to-kenya-interim-report. Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2025

IRIN (Integrated Regional Information Networks). (2010). Sudan: NGOs Step Up Referendum Awareness. https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-referendum- awareness-campaigns-begin, Erişim tarihi: 17.04.2025

Johnson, D. H. (2003).The Root Causes of Sudan’s Civil Wars. James Currey

Johnson, D. H. (2011). The Root Causes of Sudan’s Civil Wars, Peace or Truce. Rev.Ed., Fountain Publishers, Kampala.

Johnson, D. H. (2016). South Sudan: A New History for a New Nation. Ohio University Press.

Johnson, H. F. (2011). Waging Peace in Sudan: The Inside Story of the Negotiations That Ended Africa’s Longest Civil War. Sussex Academic Press.

Jok, M.J. (2007). Sudan: Race, Religion and Violence. Oneworld Publications.Pdf, https://www.rahs-open-lid.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Sudan_-RaceRelig ion-and-Violence-PDFDrive-.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 14.05.2025

Jok, M.J. (2014). South Sudan and the Prospects for Peace Amidst Violent Political Wrangling. https://suddinstitute.org/publications/show/south-sudan-and-the- prospects-for-peace-amidst-violent-political-wrangling/ Erişim tarihi: 15.05.2015

Kasasira, R. (2013). Trading With Neighbours Understanding Uganda–South Sudan business community trade relations, Pdf. https://www.international- alert.org/app/uploads/2021/08/Uganda-Uganda-South-Sudan-Trade-Relations-EN- 2014.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 14.05.2025

Kavas, A. (2005). Geçmişten Günümüze Afrika. Kitabevi Yayınları, İstanbul.

Kavas, A. (2006). Osmanlı Afrika İlişkileri. Tasarım Yayınları, Istanbul.

Keller, E. J. (1991). Revolutionary Ethiopia: From empire to people’s republic. Indiana University Press.

Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (1977). Power and interdependence: World politics in transition. Little Brown. New York.

Kerry, J. (2011). Statement on Sudan Referendum. Senate Foreign Relations Committee Briefings.Pdf. https://www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/ ShinnTestimony090730a.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 16.05.2025

Khumalo, L. (2011). South Sudan: Africa's Newest State, Challenges, Prospects and Lessons for South Africa. AISA Brief. 53, PDF. https://www.academia.edu/103374877/South_Sudan_Africas_Newest_State_Challenges_Prospects_and_Lessons_for_South_Africa, Erişim tarihi: 22.11.2024

Kindersley, N., & Rolandsen, Ø. H. (2017). South Sudan: A Political Economy Analysis.Pdf. Peace Research Institute Oslo PRIO Report. https://sudansupport.no/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/NUPI_rapport_SouthSudan

_Rolandsen_Kindersley-2017.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2025

Klare, M. T. (2001). Resource wars: The new landscape of global conflict. Metropolitan Books.

Knopf, K. A. (2016). Ending South Sudan’s Civil War. Pdf. https://www.cfr.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2016/11/CSR77_Knopf_South%20Suda n.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2025

Koçak, M. (1999). Mehdi Hareketinden İslam Devrimine Sudan. Esra Yayınları, Istanbul.

Komey, G.K.(2010). Land, Governance, Conflict & the Nuba of Sudan, James Currey Press. London, PDF. https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781 846159237

_A42901765/preview-9781846159237_A42901765.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 17.02.2025

Kortunov, A. (2012). Russia’s Foreign Policy and Africa: Pragmatism and Political Economy. Russian International Affairs Council. https://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics-and-comments/analytics/russia-s-foreign- policy-and-africa-pragmatism-and-political-economy/?sphrase_id=243449868, Erişim tarihi: 11.02.2025

Kristof, N. D. (2001). The Children of Sudan. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/03/opinion/sunday/kristof-the-children-of- sudan.html, Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2024

Kuwali, D. (2009). The African Union and the Challenges of Implementing the Responsibility to Protect. The Nordic Afrika Institute, Policy Notes, 2009/4, PDF. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/105531/2009_4.pdf, Erişim tarih: 17.02.2025

Lacoste, Y. Çev.Akça İ. (2007). Büyük Oyunu Anlamak, Jeopolitik: Bugünün Uzun Tarihi. NTV Yayınları, Istanbul.

Lango, B. (2024). Lamu Port and Lamu-South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor (LAPSSET): Special Economic Zone Overview. https://doi.org/ 10.13140/ RG.2.2.12663.02727, Erişim tarihi: 19.01.2025

Large, D. (2008). China & the contradictions of ‘non-interference’ in Sudan. Review of African Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305624080201 1568, Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2025

Large, D. (2009). China’s Sudan engagement: Changing northern and southern political dynamics. The China Quarterly, 199, 610–626. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741009990140, Erişim tarihi: 10.08.2025

Large, D. (2016). China and South Sudan: Civil war and investment crisis. Conflict, Security & Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2016.1196882. Erişim tarihi: 12.07.2025

LeRiche, M., & Arnold, M. (2012). South Sudan: From Revolution to Independence. Oxford University Press.

Lindsay,T., (2007). Darfur- A Cultural Handbook. Conflict Studies Research Center Special Series 07/13, Defence Academy of United Kingdom, London.

Litwak, R. (2000). The Rogue States and U.S. Foreign Policy: Containment after the Cold War. Woodrow Wilson Center Press.

Lucarelli, S. (2020). Italy in Twenty-First Century International Politics. Italian Political Science, IPS, V.15-1, https://italianpoliticalscience.com/ index.php/ips/issue/view/ 20, Erişim tarihi: 02.02.2025

Mamdani, M. (2009). Saviors and Survivors Darfur Politics And The War On Terror. Doubleday, New York.

Mapsland. (2024). Large detailed political and administrative map of Uganda. https://www.mapsland.com/maps/africa/uganda/large-detailed-political-and- administrative-map-of-uganda-with-major-cities.jpg, Erişim tarihi: 18.07.2024

Mapsland. (2024). Detailed political map of Eritrea with relief. https://www. mapsland.com/maps/africa/eritrea/detailed-political-map-of-eritrea-with-relief.jpg, Erişim tarihi: 20.04.2024

Marchal, R. (2013). The French Interventions In The Sahel. The Oxford Handbook of the African Sahel.Pdf. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 378655931_French_ Interventions_in_the_Sahel/link/668d5e67af9e615a15d8db06/download?, Erişim tarihi: 01.04.2025

Marsden, G. M. (2006). Fundamentalism and American Culture. Oxford University Press.

Marshall, P. (2003). The Persecution of Christians in The Contemporary World. International Bulletin of Mission Research, V.22.M.1 https://doi.org/10.1177/239693939802200101, Erişim tarihi: 02.04.2025

Maxwell, S. (2012). Can Africa Make It? Overseas Development Institute. https://odi.org/en/events/can-africa-make-it/, Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2025

McNabb, D. E.,(2010). Research Methods For Political Sicence, Quantitative And Qualitative Approaches. 2nd Ed.,M.E.Sharpe Inc, New York.

Mearsheimer, J. J. (2001). The Tragedy Of Great Power Politics. W. Norton & Company. New York, PDF, https://samuelbhfaure.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/s2- mearsheimer-2001.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 13.09.2024

Medeiros, E. S. (2006). Chinese Foreign Policy: The Africa Dimension. Presentation at FLAD-IPRI Conference on “Strategy and Security in Southern Africa” Lisbon, Portugal. http://www.ipri.pt/eventos/pdf/Evan_Medeiros.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2025

Mesfin, B. (2012). Ethiopia's Role and Foreign Policy in th Horn of Africa. International Journal of Ethiopian Studies,Vol.6. https://cooperative-individualism. org/mesfin- berouk_ethiopia's-role-and-foreign-policy-2012.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2024

Mohamedou, K. (2024). The Wagner Group, Russia’s Foreign Policy and Sub-Saharan Africa. Geneva Center For Security Policy, PDF. https://dam.gcsp.ch/files/doc/geneva-paper-32-2024, Erişim tarihi: 22.12.2024

Morgenthau, H. J., Rev.Thompson, K. W. (1991). Politics Among Nations. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Murithi, T. (2005). The African Union: Pan-Africanism, Peacebuilding and Development. Michigan Ashgate Publishing.

National Geographic Society. (2024). Nile River map. https://education. nationalgeographic.org/resource/nile-river-limit, Erişim tarihi: 22.09.2024

Natsios, A. S. (2012). Sudan, South Sudan, and Darfur: What Everyone Needs to Know.

Oxford University Press, London

Nhema, A., & Zeleza, P. T. (2008). The Resolution of African Conflicts: The Management of Conflict Resolution and Post-Conflict Reconstruction.Ohio University Press.

Nyuot Y. J.G. (2003) Peace Processes and Conflict Resolution in the Horn of Africa. African Security Review, 12-3 PDF. https://gsdrc.org/document-library/peace- processes-and-conflict-resolution-in-the-horn-of-africa, Erişim tarihi: 19.04.2025

Oğultürk, M.C. (2017). Russia’s Renewed Interests in the Horn of Africa As a Traditional & Rising Power. Pdf. https://rpquarterly.kureselcalismala r.com/wp-content/ uploads/2017/02/vol2.1-Mehmet-Cem-Ogulturk.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2025

OnTheWorldMap. (2024). Red Sea political map. https://ontheworldmap. com/oceans- and-seas/red-sea/red-sea-political-map.html, Erişim tarihi: 22.02. 2024

Oxfam International. (2011). Southern Sudan Referendum: Oxfam’s Engagement and Lessons Learned, Internal Report. https://www.oxfam.org.hk/en/f/ news_and_publication/1384/content_3568tc.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2025

Özey, R. (2009). Afrika Coğrafyası. Aktif Yayınları, Istanbul.

Pantuliano, S. (2005). Comprehensive Peace Agreement: Will Sudan’s Peace Hold? Overseas Development Institute. https://odi.org/en/events/comprehen sive-peace- agreement-will-sudans-peacehold/ Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2024

Pantuliano, S. (2011). City Limits: Urbanisation and Vulnerability in Sudan. Overseas Development Institute. https://odi.org/en/events/city-limits-urbanisation-and- vulnerability-in-khartoum-and-juba-sudan/, Erişim tarihi: 12.11.2024

Pantuliano, S. (2012). Juba Calling: What Next For South Sudan. Overseas Development Institute. https://odi.org/en/events/juba-calling-what-next-for-south-sudan/, Erişim tarihi: 17.01.2025

Patey, L. A. (2007). State rules: Oil companies and armed conflict in Sudan. Third World Quarterly, 28-5, 997–1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 01436590701336545,Erişim tarihi: 11.05.2025

Pendle, N. (2018). Elite Bargains and Political Deals Project: South Sudan Case Study. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5c19138ced915d0bbf782cd9/South_Sudan_case_study.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 01.04.2025

Pham, J.P. (2010). Back to Africa: Russia’s New African Engagement, Palgrave Macmillan, PDF. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230117303_5, Erişim tarihi: 17.01.2025

Pirozzi, N. (2013). The EU’s Comprehensive Approach to Crises Management: Learning from the Sahel. DCAF Brusselles, EU Crisis Management Papers Series, PDF, https://www.dcaf.ch/sites/default/files/publications/documents/Pirozzi_EU- CM.PDF, Erişim tarihi: 30.05.2025

Poggo, S. S. (2009). The First Sudanese Civil War: Africans, Arabs, And Israelis in The Southern Sudan, 1955–1972. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/ 97802306 21315.Erişim tarihi: 08.02.2025

Prendergast, J. (2004). Sudan: Understanding the Conflict and the Role of International Actors. International Crisis Group Briefing.

Prunier, G.& and Fick, M. (2009) Sudan: The Countdown. Enough Project Report. PDF. https://www.enoughproject.org/files/publications/sudan_countdown. Erişim tarihi: 21.11.2024

Raftopoulos, B.& Alexander, K. Ed. (2006). Peace in the Balance: The Crisis in Sudan. Publication of Institute for Justice and Reconciliation,PDF. https://www.ijr.org.za/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/sudan_book.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 22.12.2024

Ravid, B. (2016). Israel told it was not selling, lethal weapons to South Sudan. Haaretz Correspondent,14.01.2016,Haaretz. https://sudaneseonline.com/cgi-bin/esdb/2bb. cgi?seq=msg&board=10&msg=1452801147&posted=1452801147, Erişim tarihi: 06.06.2025.

Reeves, E. (2015). Israel’s arms sales to South Sudan: A policy of silence. Sudan Tribune Dossier. https://sudantribune.com/article/56596, Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2025

Refworld. (1995). United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n96/228/64/pdf/n9622864.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2025

ResearchGate. (2024). Darfur region map. https://www.researchgate. net/topics?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6Il9kaXJlY3QiLCJwYWdl IjoiX2RpcmVjdCJ9fQ, Erişim tarihi: 18.10.2024

ResearchGate. (2024). Map of the Sudd region showing the route of Jonglei Canal. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mariam-Allam/publication/ 323947008/ figure/fig1/AS:607171997868032@1521772493133/Map-of-the-Sudd-region- showing-the-route-of-Jonglei-Canal.png, Erişim tarihi: 22.04.2024

Rice, S. (2014). Remarks to the UN Security Council on South Sudan. U.S. Mission to the United Nations. https://hrvoices.org/assets/attachments/articles/ 2013.07.17_Rice_Last_UN_Address.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2025

Rieker, P.& Giske, M.T.E. (2024). European Actorness in a Shifting Geopolitical Order, European Strategic Autonomy Through Differentiated Integration, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. Oslo. Palgrave Macmillan.PDF.

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-44546-0 Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2025

Rolandsen, Ø. H. (2005). Guerrilla Government: Political Changes in the Southern Sudan, 1990–2000. Nordic Africa Institute. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/104915/Guerilla-Government.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 10.02.2025

Rolandsen, Ø. H. (2011). A False Start? The Sudan Peace Process Reconsidered. African Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adr002, Erişim tarihi: 22.04.2025

Rolandsen, Ø. H. (2011). The making of the Anya-Nya insurgency in the Southern Sudan, 1961–64. Journal of Eastern African Studies. https://www.prio.org/publications/4991, Erişim tarihi: 11.02.2025

Rotberg, R. I. (2003). State failure and state weakness in a time of terror. Brookings Institution Press.

Samaan, J.L. (2018). Israel’s Foreign Policy Beyond The Arab World: Engaging The Periferi. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319- 75859-8.Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2025

Schomerus, M. (2008). Violent Legacies: Insecurity in Sudan’s Central and Eastern Equatoria. Working Paper No. 13. Small Arms Survey. https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/HSBA-WP-13-C-E- Equatoria.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 17.12.2024

Schomerus, M. (2012). Perilous Border: Sudan–Uganda Relations in the 21st Century. Rift Valley Institute Briefing. https://www.academia.edu/ 77370911/Perilous_border_Sudanese_communities_affected_by_conflict_on_the_ Sudan_Uganda_border, Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2025

Segell, G. (2012). Israel, Sudan and South Sudan: From conflict to cooperation King’s College, London. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 343644433_The_ South_Sudan_Conflict_Continentalan_and_International_Implications/fulltext/63 82f8cdc2cb154d29304e6a, Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2024

Shahin, M. (2002). Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa. Water Science and Technology Library, 41, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.PDF. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1320661 Erişim tarihi: 15.12.2024

Sharkey, H. J. (2003). Living with Colonialism: Nationalism and Culture in the Anglo- Egyptian Sudan. University of California Press.

Shaw, M. N,(2008). International Law. Sixth Ed.,Cambridge University Press, N. York.

Shinn, D. H. (2004). Addis Ababa Agreement: Was It Destined to Fail and Are There Lessons for the Current Sudan Peace Process? https://www. cmi.no/file/1867- Addis-Ababa-agreement.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 20.12.2025

Shinn, D. H. (2015). China’s approach to East, North and the Horn of Africa. Journal of Contemporary China. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2015.1013 379, Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2025

Shinn, D. H., & Eisenman, J. (2012). China and Africa: A Century of Engagement. University of Pennsylvania Press. https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/2862 31256_China_and_Africa_A_century_of_engagement, Erişim tarihi: 04.12.2024

Shubin, V. (2013). Russia’s Policy Towards Africa, ISPI Analysis, PDF. https://www.ispionline.it/sites/default/files/pubblicazioni/analysis_168_2013.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 21.12.2024

Sigatu, K. T. (2023). From Security Provider to a Security Risk? The Abrupt Withdrawal of Ethiopia’s Peacekeeping Mission in UNISFA.PDF, https://doi.org/10.32563/HSZ.2022.4.5, Erişim tarihi: 17.04.2025

Sklar, R. L. (2005). The Open Door to Peace in Africa. International Journal of African Studies, http://rsklar.bol.ucla.edu/recentessays/opendoor.pdf Erişim tarihi: 19.07.2024

Small Arms Survey. (2009). Echo effects: SPLA involvement in Darfur (HSBA Working Paper No. 18). http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org, Erişim tarihi: 9.04.2025

Spector, R. (2016). Israel and South Sudan: From solidarity to strategic alliance. Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1080/23739770.2016.1145651, Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2025

Sukhankin, S. (2020). Russia’s Wagner Group in Africa: Influence, commercial concessions, and geopolitical change.

Swain, A. (2011). Challenges for water sharing in the Nile basin: Changing geo-politics and changing climate. Hydrological Sciences Journal, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2011.577037, Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2025

T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı. (2025). Türkiye – Güney Sudan Cumhuriyeti Siyasi İlişkileri. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-guney-sudan-cumhuriyeti-siyasi--iliskileri.tr.mfa, Erişim tarihi: 22.04.2025

Tawfik, R. (2016). Revisiting hydro-hegemony from a benefit-sharing perspective: The case of the Eastern Nile Basin. Water Policy. Discussion Paper / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik, PDF. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/192861/DP_5.2015.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 14.03.2025

Taylor, I. (2006). China’s oil diplomacy in Africa. International Affairs, 82(5), 937–959. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2006.00579.x Erişim tarihi: 29.03.2025

The Carter Center, (2011). Final Report on the Southern Sudan Referendum Observation Mission. https://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/news/peace_ publications/election_reports/FinalReport-Sudan-2011-Self-Determination- Referendum.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 17.10.2024

TİKA, (2020). Güney Sudan Proje Raporu.PDF. https://tika.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/TIKAFaaliyet2020Web.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 12.03.2025

Tubiana, J. (2008). The Chad–Sudan proxy war and the “Darfurization” of Chad: Myths and reality. Small Arms Survey.PDF. https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/HSBA-WP-12-Chad-Sudan-Proxy-War.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 22.01.2025

Tvedt, T. (2002). Development NGOs: Actors in a Global Civil Society or in a New International Social System. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. James Currey Ltd. & Africa World Press. PDF. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226360780_Development_NGOs_Actor s _in_a_Global_Civil_Society_or_in_a_New_International_Social_System, Erişim tarihi: 04.04.2025

Tvedt, T. (2004). The River Nile in the Age of the British: Political Ecology and the Quest for Economic Power. PDF. https://doi.org/10.1177/03091325080320 0408, Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2025

UN Peacemaker. (2002). Machakos Protocol. https://peacemaker.un.org/ sites/default/files/document/files/2024/05/sd020710machakosprotocol.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 05.11.2024

UNSC. (2014). Resolution 2155. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/771722 ?v =pdf, Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2024

UNSC. (2005). Resolution 1590 (S/RES/1590). https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/544317?v=pdf, Erişim tarih: 05.11.2024

UNSC. (2011). Resolution 1996 (S/RES/1996). https://peacekeeping.un.org/ sites/default/files/past/unmis/documents/sres1996_2011.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 05.11.2024

UNSC. (2012). Report of Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea (S/2012/545). https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3- CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/Somalia%20S%202012%20545.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 06.11.2024

UNSC. (2018). Report of the Secretary-General on South Sudan. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1474944?v=pdf, Erişim tarihi: 06.11.2024

University of Texas Libraries. (1994). Sudan political map, https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/sudan_pol_94.jpg, Erişim tarihi: 20.04.2024

University of Texas Libraries. (1988). Kenya political map. https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/kenya_pol88.jpg, Erişim tarihi: 18.07.2024

University of Texas Libraries. (2007). Africa political map. https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/africa_pol_2007.jpg Erişim tarihi: 22.04. 2025

University of Texas Libraries. (2016). Sudan political map. https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/cia16/sudan_sm_2016.gif, Erişim tarihi: 11.09.2024

UNMIS. (2011). Report on the Referendum in Southern Sudan. United Nations Mission in Sudan. https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unmis/ referendum.shtml Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2024

USIP. (2004). Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) Between the Government of the Republic of the Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army. https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/default/files/document/ files/2024/05/sd060000the20comprehensive20peace20agreement.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 12.07.2023

USIP. (2004). Protocol on the Resolution of the Abyei Conflict. https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/file/resources/collections/peace_agreement s/abyei_05262004.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 04.11.2024

Verhoeven, H. (2011). Black gold for blue gold? Sudan’s oil, Ethiopia’s water and regional integration. Chatham House Briefing Paper.PDF, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265445773_briefing_paper_Black_Gold

_for_Blue_Gold_Sudan's_Oil_Ethiopia's_Water_and_Regional_Integration, Erişim tarihi: 17.04.2025

Verhoeven, H. (2015). Water, Civilisation and Power in Sudan: The Political Economy of Military-Islamist State Building. Cambridge University Press.PDF. https://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/61149/frontmatter/9781107061149_frontm atter.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 22.03.2025

Walhad, S. (2022). The Horn Of Africa States: A Geopolitical Case – Analysis. PDF https://www.eurasiareview.com/05022022-the-horn-of-africa-states-ageopolitical- case-analysis/ Erişim tarih: 22.02.2025

Wallerstein, I., Çev.Birkan,T., (2009). Bildiğimiz Dünyanın Sonu, Yirmi Birinci Yüzyıl İçin Sosyal Bilim.Metis Yayınları, İstanbul.

Waltz N.Kenneth, (2010). Theory Of International Relations. Waveland Press Inc., Illinois.

Wassie, M.H. (2014). Conflict Dynamics in a Three-Level Game: the Conflict Formation in Gambella, Southwest Ethiopia. Addisababa University, Master Degree Thesis, https://etd.aau.edu.et/server/api/core/bitstreams/abdb0516-83c9-4dde-b7f9- 550754a50e75/content, Erişim tarihi: 17.02.2025

Waterbury, J. (2002). The Nile Basin: National Determinants of Collective Action. The Yale University Press New Haven. https://dokumen.pub/the-nile-basin-national- determinants-of-collective-action-9780300127683.html, Erişim tarihi: 11.05.2025

Weber, T. P. (2004). On the Road to Armageddon: How Evangelicals Became Israel’s Best Friend. Baker Academic Press. Michigan.

Wendt, A. (1992). Anarchy is what states make of it: The social construction of power politics. International Organization. PDF. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300027764, Erişim tarihi: 17.07.2024

Wendt, A. (2000). Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge University Press, New York,

Williams, P. D. (2014). Peace Operations in Africa: Patterns, Problems, and Prospects. https://www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/event/ symposium/pdf/2014/E-01.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 12.02.2025

Williams, P. D. (2010). War and Conflict In Africa”, Polity Press, Cambridge.Pdf. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261536603_PD_WILLIAMS_2011_War_and_Conflict_in_Africa_Cambridge_UK_Polity_Press_2011_ISBN_978-0- 7456-4545-2_2495_pp_305, Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2025

Woodward, P. (1990). Sudan, 1898–1989: The unstable state. Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Worger, W. H. And Clark, N. L., And Alpers, E. A. (2010). Africa And The West, A Documentary History. 2.ed. Vol.2 From Colonialism To Independence,1875 To The Present. Oxford University Press.

Yihdego, Z., & Rieu-Clarke, A. (2016). An exploration of fairness in international law through the Blue Nile and GERD. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305483038_An_exploration_of_fairness_in_international_law_through_the_Blue_Nile_and_GERD, Erişim tarihi: 19.05.2025

Yihdego, Z., Rieu-Clarke, A., & Cascão, A. E. (2017). The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and the Nile Basin: Implications for Transboundary Water Cooperation. PDF. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318830357_The_Grand_Et hiopian_Renaissance_Dam_and_the_Nile_Basin_Implications_for_Transboundar y_Water_Cooperation/link/5c389cd5a6fdccd6b5a46f40, Erişim tarihi: 22.05.2025

Yihun, B.B. (2013). Ethiopia’s Role in South Sudan’s March to Independence, 1955 - 1991. African Studies Quarterly , V.14-1 & 2, PDF. https://asq.africa. ufl.edu/wp- content/uploads/sites/168/Yihun-2013.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 18.02.2025

Ylönen, A. (2005). Greivances and the Roots of Insurgencies: Southern Sudan and Darfur. Peace, Conflict and Development: An Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol.7. https://www.bradford.ac.uk/library/library-resources/journal-of-peace-conflict- and-development/Roots-of-insurgences.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 01.03.2025

Young, J. (2005). John Garang’s legacy to the peace process, the SPLM/A and the South.

African Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adi120, Erişim tarihi: 19.08.2025

Young, J. (2005). Sudan: A Flawed Peace Process Leading to a Flawed Peace. Review of African Political Economy. https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted- document?doi=10.1080/03056240500121008, Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2025

Young, J. (2006). The Eastern Front and the Struggle Against Marginalization. Small Arms Survey. https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default /files/resources/ HSBA-WP-03-Eastern-Front.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 22.02.2025

Zambakari, C. ( 2015). South Sudan and the East African Community: Common Market, Citizenship, and Political Federation. International Journal of African Renaissance Studies.https//doi.org/10.1080/18186874.2015.1107975, Erişim tarihi: 03.03.2025.

Zewde, B. (2002). A history of modern Ethiopia, 1855–1991. Ohio University Press

Zhang, H. (2015). The adaptation of China’s non-intervention principle: South Sudan as a case study. Journal of Contemporary China. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2014.932199, Erişim tarihi: 17.07.2025

Zhou, H., & Leung, G. C. K. (2015). China’s oil diplomacy in Africa. Energy Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.06.019, Erişim tarihi: 17.07.2025

İndir

Yayınlanan

11 Eylül 2026

Lisans

Lisans

Bu İnternet Sitesi içeriğinde yer alan tüm eserler (yazı, resim, görüntü, fotoğraf, video, müzik vb.) Akademisyen Kitabevine ait olup, 5846 sayılı Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu ve 5237 sayılı Türk Ceca Kanunu kapsamında korunmaktadır. Bu hakları ihlal eden kişiler, 5846 sayılı Fikir ve Sanat eserleri Kanunu ve 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanununda yer alan hukuki ve cezai yaptırımlara tabi olurlar. Yayınevi ilgili yasal yollara başvurma hakkına sahiptir.

Bu yazıyla ilgili ayrıntılar

ISBN-13 (15)

978-625-362-220-6

Publication date (01)

2026

Fiziksel Boyutlar