Preoperatif Değerlendirme ve Risk Analizi
Özet
Bu bölüm, elektif ve acil cerrahi öncesinde anestezistin yürüttüğü sistematik değerlendirme sürecini kapsamlı biçimde ele almaktadır. Preoperatif değerlendirmenin hasta güvenliği, risk azaltma ve perioperatif planlamadaki rolü; ESAIC 2025, ESC 2022 ve ASA gibi güncel kılavuzlar ışığında incelenmektedir. Kardiyovasküler, solunumsal, nörolojik, endokrin ve hematolojik sistemlere yönelik anamnez teknikleri; STOP-BANG, Mallampati, RCRI, DASI gibi standart değerlendirme araçları ayrıntılı biçimde sunulmaktadır. Zor hava yolu öngörü kriterleri, ASA fiziksel durum sınıflaması ve laboratuvar tetkiklerinin akılcı endikasyonları tablo ve şemalarla desteklenmiştir. Antikoagülan, antiplatelet, antidiyabetik ve psikiyatrik ilaçların perioperatif yönetimi; steroid stres dozu protokolleri ve MAOİ, Parkinson ilaçları gibi özel durumlar pratik öneriler eşliğinde açıklanmaktadır. Açlık süreleri, aspirasyon riski, aydınlatılmış onam süreci ile pediatrik, geriatrik, gebe ve acil cerrahi hastalarına özgü değerlendirme yaklaşımları da bölümün kapsamına dahildir. Klinisyenlere güncel kanıta dayalı, uygulanabilir bir rehber sunmayı amaçlayan bu bölüm, anestezi pratiğinde karar verme sürecini güçlendirmeyi hedeflemektedir.
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