Travmatik Ortopedik Rehabilitasyon

Yazarlar

Masoud Amir Rashedi Bonab
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7875-0499

Referanslar

Butcher N, Balogh ZJ. The definition of polytrauma: the need for international consensus. Injury. 2009;40(4): 12-22. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2009.10.032

Martino C, Russo E, Santonastaso DP, et al. Long-term outcomes in major trauma patients and correlations with the acute phase. World journal of emergency surgery. 2020;13(15): 6. doi: 10.1186/ s13017-020-0289-3

Soberg HL, Bautz-Holter E, Roise O, et al. Long-term multidimensional functional consequences of severe multiple injuries two years after trauma: a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Jour- nal trauma. 2007;62(2): 461-470. doi: 10.1097/01.ta.0000222916.30253.ea

Khan F, Amatya B, Hoffman K. Systematic review of multidisciplinary rehabilitation in patients with multiple trauma. The British journal of surgery. 2012;99(1): 88-96. doi: 10.1002/bjs.7776

Leijdesdorff HA, Krijnen P, van Rooyen L, et al. Reduced Quality of Life, Fatigue, and Societal Participation After Polytrauma. International surgery. 2018;103(3-4): 158–166. doi:10.9738/INT- SURG-D-17-00104.1

Khan F, Amatya B, Gosney J, et al. Medical Rehabilitation in Natural Disasters: A Review. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation2015;96(9): 1709-1727. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.02.007

Wade DT, Halligan PW. The biopsychosocial model of illness: a model whose time has come.

Clinical rehabilitation. 2017;31(8): 995-1004. doi: 10.1177/0269215517709890.

Baker SP, O’Neill B, Haddon W Jr, et al. The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. Journal trauma. 1974;14(3): 187-96.

Rapsang AG, Shyam DC. Scoring systems of severity in patients with multiple trauma. Cirugia espanola. 2015;93(4): 213-221. doi:10.1016/j.ciresp.2013.12.021

Haagsma JA, Graetz N, Bolliger I, et al. The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013. Journal of the ınternational society for child and adolescent ınjury prevention. 2016;22(1): 3-18. doi: 10.1136/ injuryprev-2015-041616.

Geraerds AJLM, Richardson A, Haagsma J, et al. A systematic review of studies measuring health-related quality of life of general injury populations: update 2010-2018. Health and quality of life outcomes. 2020; 29;18(1): 160. doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-01412-1

Gabbe BJ, Simpson PM, Cameron PA, et al. Long-term health status and trajectories of seriously injured patients: A population-based longitudinal study. PLoS medicine. 2017;14(7): e1002322. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002322

Holtslag HR, Post MW, Lindeman E, et al. Long-term functional health status of severely injured patients. Injury. 2007;38(3): 280-289. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2006.10.026

Stucki G, Bickenbach J. Functioning: the third health indicator in the health system and the key indicator for rehabilitation. European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine. 2017;53(1): 134-138. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04565-8

Jeschke MG, Chinkes DL, Finnerty CC, et al. Pathophysiologic response to severe burn injury. An- nals of surgery. 2008;248(3): 387-401. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181856241

Wolfe RR. The underappreciated role of muscle in health and disease. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2006;84(3): 475-82. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/84.3.475

Kortebein P, Ferrando A, Lombeida J, et al. Effect of 10 days of bed rest on skeletal muscle in healt- hy older adults. JAMA. 2007;297(16): 1772-1774. doi: 10.1001/jama.297.16.1772-b

Dirks ML, Wall BT, Nilwik R, et al. Skeletal muscle disuse atrophy is not attenuated by dietary protein supplementation in healthy older men. The Journal of nutrition. 2014;144(8): 1196-1203. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.194217

Dietz V, Curt A. Neurological aspects of spinal-cord repair: promises and challenges. The Lancet. Neurology. 2006;5(8): 688-694. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70522-1.

Puthucheary ZA, Rawal J, McPhail M, et al. Acute skeletal muscle wasting in critical illness. JAMA. 2013;310(15):1591-1600. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.278481

Hodgson CL, Berney S, Harrold M, et al. Clinical review: early patient mobilization in the ICU.

Critical care. 2013;17(1): 207. doi: 10.1186/cc11820

Grotz MR, Allami MK, Harwood P, et al. Open pelvic fractures: epidemiology, current concepts of management and outcome. Injury. 2005;36(1): 1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2004.05.029

Court-Brown CM, Caesar B. Epidemiology of adult fractures: A review. Injury. 2006;37(8): 691- 697. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2006.04.130

Pape HC, Giannoudis P, Krettek C. The timing of fracture treatment in polytrauma patients: rele- vance of damage control orthopedic surgery. American journal of surgery. 2002;183(6): 622-629. doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(02)00865-6

Kehlet H, Wilmore DW. Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome. American journal of surgery. 2002;183(6): 630-641. doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(02)00866-8

Stannard JP, Volgas DA, Stewart R, et al. Negative pressure wound therapy after severe open fractures: a prospective randomized study. Journal of orthopaedic trauma. 2009;23(8): 552-557. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e3181a2e2b6

Pfeifer R, Tarkin IS, Rocos B, et al. Patterns of mortality and causes of death in polytrauma pa- tients--has anything changed? Injury. 2009;40(9): 907-911. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2009.05.006

Dikmen SS, Machamer JE, Powell JM, et al. Outcome 3 to 5 years after moderate to severe tra- umatic brain injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2003;84(10): 1449-1457. doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(03)00287-9

Cicerone KD, Langenbahn DM, Braden C, et al. Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: updated review of the literature from 2003 through 2008. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2011;92(4): 519-530. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.11.015

Kirshblum SC, Burns SP, Biering-Sorensen F, et al. International standards for neurological clas- sification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011). The journal of spinal cord medicine. 2011;34(6): 535- 546. doi:10.1179/204577211X13207446293695

Needham DM, Korupolu R, Zanni JM, et al. Early physical medicine and rehabilitation for patients with acute respiratory failure: a quality improvement project. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2010;91(4): 536-542. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2010.01.002

Stiller K. Physiotherapy in intensive care: an updated systematic review. Chest. 2013;144(3): 825- 847. doi:10.1378/chest.12-2930

Truong AD, Fan E, Brower RG, et al. Bench-to-bedside review: mobilizing patients in the intensive care unit--from pathophysiology to clinical trials. Critical care. 2009;13(4): 216. doi:10.1186/cc7885

Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, et al. Early physical and occupational the- rapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;373(9678):1874-1882. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60658-9

Tipping CJ, Harrold M, Holland A, et al. The effects of active mobilisation and rehabilitation in ICU on mortality and function: a systematic review. Intensive care medicine. 2017;43(2):171-183. doi:10.1007/s00134-016-4612-0

Simmel S. Rehabilitation nach Polytrauma [Rehabilitation after Multiple Trauma]. Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 2018;57(2): 127-137. doi:10.1055/s-0043-124397

Kisner C, Colby LA, Borstad J. Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and Techniques. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company; 2017.

Vollenweider R, Manettas AI, Häni N, de Bruin ED, Knols RH. Passive motion of the lower extre- mities in sedated and ventilated patients in the ICU. a systematic review of early effects and replicability of Interventions. PLoS One. 2022;17(5): e0267255. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267255

Simmel S, Bühren V. Unfallfolgen nach schweren Verletzungen: Konsequenzen für die Trau- ma-Rehabilitation [Sequelae of severe injuries: consequences for trauma rehabilitation]. Chirurg. 2013;84(9): 764-770. doi:10.1007/s00104-013-2579-8

Debus F, Mierswa D, Ruchholtz S, et al. Rehabilitation von schwerverletzten Patienten im Akutk- rankenhaus: wer macht was? Eine bundesweite Umfrage im TraumaNetzwerk DGU [Rehabilitati- on of severely injured patients in acute care hospitals: who is doing what? A nationwide survey in the Trauma Network DGU]. Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 2014;53(1): 25-30. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1341458

Klingebiel FK, Landre V, Hasegawa M, et al. The three stages of polytrauma rehabilitation.

a recommendation and a systematic literature review on behalf of SICOT. International orthopae- dics. 2025;49(2): 365-374. doi:10.1007/s00264-024-06385-0

Pape HC, Giannoudis PV, Krettek C, et al. Timing of fixation of major fractures in blunt polytra- uma: role of conventional indicators in clinical decision making. Journal of orthopaedic trauma. 2005;19(8): 551-562. doi:10.1097/01.bot.0000161712.87129.80

Hodgson S. AO Principles of Fracture Management. Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of Eng- land. 2009;91(5): 448-449. doi:10.1308/003588409X432419f

Claes L, Recknagel S, Ignatius A. Fracture healing under healthy and inflammatory conditi- ons. Nature reviews Rheumatology. 2012;8(3): 133-143. Published 2012 Jan 31. doi:10.1038/nrr- heum.2012.1

Kubiak EN, Beebe MJ, North K, et al. Early weight bearing after lower extremity fractures in adults. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2013;21(12):727-738. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-21-12-727

Wade D. Rehabilitation--a new approach. Overview and Part One: the problems. Clinical rehabi- litation. 2015;29(11): 1041-1050. doi:10.1177/0269215515601174

Turner-Stokes L, Pick A, Nair A, et al. Multi-disciplinary rehabilitation for acquired brain injury in adults of working age. The Cochrane database of systematic review. 2015;2015(12): CD004170. Published 2015 Dec 22. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004170.pub3

American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Prog- ression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2009;41(3): 687-708. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181915670

Puthucheary Z, Harridge S, Hart N. Skeletal muscle dysfunction in critical care: wasting, weak- ness, and rehabilitation strategies. Critical care medicine. 2010;38(10): 676-682. doi:10.1097/CCM. 0b013e3181f2458d

Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott MH. Motor Control: Translating research into clinical practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2017.

Langhorne P, Bernhardt J, Kwakkel G. Stroke rehabilitation. Lancet. 2011;377(9778): 1693-1702. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60325-5

Carr JH, Shepherd RB. Neurological rehabilitation: optimizing motor performance. Philadelphia: El- sevier Health Sciences; 2010.

Von Matthey F, Biberthaler P. Rehabilitation nach Polytrauma: Definitionen und Behandlun- gspfade [Rehabilitation after polytrauma: Definitions and treatment approaches]. Orthopade. 2015;44(3): 241-251. doi:10.1007/s00132-015-3081-4

Carney ML, Ullrich P, Esselman P. Early unplanned transfers from inpatient rehabilitation. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation. 2006;85(5):453-463. doi:10.1097/01. phm.0000214279.04759.45

Simmel S, Bühren V. Polytrauma überlebt--und was kommt dann? Die Rehabilitation Schwerst- verletzter [Surviving multiple trauma--what comes next? The rehabilitation of seriously injured patients]. Unfallchirurg. 2009;112(11): 965-974. doi:10.1007/s00113-009-1686-y

Volpin G, Pfeifer R, Saveski J, et al. Damage control orthopaedics in polytraumatized patients. current concepts. Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma. 2021;12(1): 72-82. doi:10.1016/j. jcot.2020.10.018

Khan F, Baguley IJ, Cameron ID. 4: Rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. The Medical journal of Australia. 2003;178(6): 290-295. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05199.x

Wade DT. Goal setting in rehabilitation: an overview of what, why and how. Clinical rehabilitation. 2009;23(4): 291-295. doi:10.1177/0269215509103551

Turner-Stokes L, Williams H, Bill A, et al. Cost-efficiency of specialist inpatient rehabilitation for working-aged adults with complex neurological disabilities: a multicentre cohort analysis of a national clinical data set. BMJ Open. 2016;6(2): e010238. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010238

Momsen AM, Rasmussen JO, Nielsen CV, et al. Multidisciplinary team care in rehabilitation: an over- view of reviews. Journal of rehabilitation medicine. 2012;44(11): 901-912. doi:10.2340/16501977-1040

Shields RK, Dudley-Javoroski S. Musculoskeletal deterioration and hemicorporectomy after spi- nal cord injury. Physical therapy. 2003;83(3): 263-275.

Mukand J, Santos B. Medical complications in patients with traumatic brain injury. Medicine and health, Rhode Island. 1999;82(1): 19-22.

Hodgson CL, Stiller K, Needham DM, et al. Expert consensus and recommendations on sa- fety criteria for active mobilization of mechanically ventilated critically ill adults. Critical care. 2014;18(6): 658. doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0658-y

Geerts WH, Bergqvist D, Pineo GF, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest. 2008;133(6):381-453. doi:10.1378/chest.08-0656

Vanden Bossche L, Vanderstraeten G. Heterotopic ossification: a review. Journal of rehabilitation medicine. 2005;37(3): 129-136. doi:10.1080/16501970510027628

Cipriano CA, Pill SG, Keenan MA. Heterotopic ossification following traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury. The Journal of the American academy of orthopaedic surgeons. 2009;17(11):689- 697. doi:10.5435/00124635-200911000-00003

O’Donnell ML, Creamer M, Pattison P, et al. Psychiatric morbidity following injury. The American journal of psychiatry. 2004;161(3): 507-514. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.3.507

Zatzick DF, Jurkovich GJ, Gentilello L, et al. Posttraumatic stress, problem drinking, and functional outcomes after injury. Archives of surgery. 2002;137(2): 200-205. doi:10.1001/archsurg.137.2.200

Soberg HL, Finset A, Bautz-Holter E, et al. Return to work after severe multiple injuries: a multi- dimensional approach on status 1 and 2 years postinjury. The Journal of trauma. 2007;62(2): 471- 481. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e31802e95f4

Tate DG, Kalpakjian CZ, Forchheimer MB. Quality of life issues in individuals with spinal cord injury. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2002;83(12 Suppl 2): 18-25. doi:10.1053/ apmr.2002.36835

Santos W, Rojas C, Isidoro R, et al. Return to Work After Work-Related Injuries: A Systematic Re- view and Meta-Analysis of Incidence and Determinants. Journal of clinical medicine. 2025;14(12): 4343. Published 2025 Jun 18. doi:10.3390/jcm14124343

Holtslag HR, van Beeck EF, Lindeman E, et al. Determinants of long-term functional con- sequences after major trauma. The Journal of trauma. 2007;62(4): 919-927. doi:10.1097/01. ta.0000224124.47646.62

Silverstein LA, Higgins JT, Henderson S. Health-Related Quality of Life After Polytrauma: A Systematic Review. Journal of trauma nursing: the official journal of the society of trauma nurses. 2021;28(2): 107-118. doi:10.1097/JTN.0000000000000568

Pape HC, Zelle B, Lohse R, et al. “Evaluation and outcome of patients after polytrauma--can patients be recruited for long-term follow-up?”. Injury. 2006;37(12): 1197-1203. doi:10.1016/j.in- jury.2006.07.032

Lehmann F, Heikenroth C, Choi KE, et al. Welchen Einfluss haben Frührehabilitation und Re- ha-Management auf das Outcome nach Polytrauma? [What is the Impact of Early Rehabilita- tion and Rehabilitation Management on Outcome after Polytrauma?]. Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 2024;63(5): 275-281. doi:10.1055/a-2365-1084

Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical care. 1992;30(6): 473-483.

Van der Sluis CK, Eisma WH, Groothoff JW, et al. Long-term physical, psychological and social consequences of severe injuries. Injury. 1998;29(4): 281-285. doi:10.1016/s0020-1383(97)00199-x

Krajbich JI, Pinzur MS, Potter BK, et al, editors. Atlas of amputations and limb deficiencies: surgical, prosthetic, and rehabilitation principles. 4th ed. Rosemont (IL): American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2016.

Tintle SM, Baechler MF, Nanos GP 3rd, et al. Traumatic and trauma-related amputations: Part II: Upper extremity and future directions. The Journal of bone and joint surgery American. 2010;92(18): 2934-2945. doi:10.2106/JBJS.J.00258

Esquenazi A, DiGiacomo R. Rehabilitation after amputation. ournal of the American podiatric me- dical association. 2001;91(1): 13-22. doi:10.7547/87507315-91-1-13

Gailey R, Allen K, Castles J, et al. Review of secondary physical conditions associated with lower- limb amputation and long-term prosthesis use. Journal of rehabilitation research and development. 2008;45(1): 15-29. doi:10.1682/jrrd.2006.11.0147

Esquenazi A. Amputation rehabilitation and prosthetic restoration. From surgery to community reintegration. Disability and rehabilitation. 2004;26(14-15): 831-836. doi:10.1080/096382804100 01708850

Cifu DX, editor. Braddom’s physical medicine and rehabilitation. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2025.

Ziegler-Graham K, MacKenzie EJ, Ephraim PL, et al. Estimating the prevalence of limb loss in the United States: 2005 to 2050. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2008;89(3): 422-429. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.005

Balandız H, Kaya B, Özsoy S. Traumatic Amputations in Military Personnel: From The Perspective of Forensic Medicine. Medical Records. 2025;7(1):156-161. doi:10.37990/medr.1588716

Waters RL, Mulroy S. The energy expenditure of normal and pathologic gait. Gait & posture. 1999;9(3): 207-231. doi:10.1016/s0966-6362(99)00009-0

Tintle SM, Keeling JJ, Shawen SB, et al. Traumatic and trauma-related amputations: part I: gene- ral principles and lower-extremity amputations. The Journal of bone and joint surgery American. 2010;92(17): 2852-2868. doi:10.2106/JBJS.J.00257

Tintle SM, Forsberg JA, Keeling JJ, et al. Lower extremity combat-related amputations. Journal of surgical orthopaedic advances. 2010;19(1): 35-43.

Dillingham TR, Pezzin LE, MacKenzie EJ. Limb amputation and limb deficiency: epidemiology and recent trends in the United States. Southern medical journal. 2002;95(8): 875-883. doi:10.1097/00007611-200208000-00018

Meulenbelt HE, Geertzen JH, Jonkman MF, et al. Skin problems of the stump in lower limb am- putees: 1. A clinical study. Acta dermato-venereologica. 2011;91(2): 173-177. doi:10.2340/00015555- 1040

Sanders JE, Lam D, Dralle AJ, et al. Interface pressures and shear stresses at thirteen socket sites on two persons with transtibial amputation. Journal of rehabilitation research and development. 1997;34(1): 19-43.

Waters RL, Perry J, Antonelli D, et al. Energy cost of walking of amputees: the influence of level of amputation. The Journal of bone and joint surgery American. 1976;58(1): 42-46.

Gailey RS, Roach KE, Applegate EB, et al. The amputee mobility predictor: an instrument to assess determinants of the lower-limb amputee’s ability to ambulate. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2002;83(5): 613-627. doi:10.1053/apmr.2002.32309

Miller WC, Deathe AB, Speechley M, et al. The influence of falling, fear of falling, and balance confidence on prosthetic mobility and social activity among individuals with a lower extremity amputation. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2001;82(9): 1238-1244. doi:10.1053/ apmr.2001.25079

Esquenazi A, Meier RH 3rd. Rehabilitation in limb deficiency. 4. Limb amputation. Archives of phy- sical medicine and rehabilitation1996;77(3): 18-28. doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90239-7

Hijmans JM, Dekker R, Geertzen JHB. Pre-operative rehabilitation in lower-limb amputation patients and its effect on post-operative outcomes. Medical hypotheses. 2020;143: 110134. do- i:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110134

Gallagher P, MacLachlan M. Psychological adjustment and coping in adults with prosthetic limbs. Behavioral medicine. 1999;25(3): 117-124. doi:10.1080/08964289909596741

Horgan O, MacLachlan M. Psychosocial adjustment to lower-limb amputation: a review. Disabi- lity and rehabilitation. 2004;26(14-15): 837-850. doi:10.1080/09638280410001708869

Highsmith MJ, Andrews CR, Millman C, et al. Gait Training Interventions for Lower Extremity Amputees: A Systematic Literature Review. Technology and innovation. 2016;18(2-3): 99-113. doi:10.21300/18.2-3.2016.99

Zidarov D, Swaine B, Gauthier-Gagnon C. Quality of life of persons with lower-limb amputation during rehabilitation and at 3-month follow-up. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2009;90(4): 634-645. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2008.11.003

Nelson VS, Flood KM, Bryant PR, et al. Limb deficiency and prosthetic management. 1. Decision making in prosthetic prescription and management. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitati- on. 2006;87(3 1): 3-9. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2005.11.022

Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function. Journalofsportsscience& medicine.2010;9(2):353.

Carey SL, Lura DJ, Highsmith MJ. CP; FAAOP. Differences in myoelectric and body-powered up- per-limb prostheses: Systematic literature review. Journal of rehabilitation research and develop- ment 2015;52(3): 247-262. doi:10.1682/JRRD.2014.08.0192

Atkins DJ, Heard DCY, Donovan WH. Epidemiologic overview of individuals with upper-limb loss and their reported research priorities. Journal of prosthetics and orthotics. 1996;8(1): 211.

Ephraim PL, Wegener ST, MacKenzie EJ, et al. Phantom pain, residual limb pain, and back pain in amputees: results of a national survey. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2005;86(10): 1910-1919. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2005.03.031

Flor H. Phantom-limb pain: characteristics, causes, and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2002;1(3): 182- 189. doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(02)00074-1

Subedi B, Grossberg GT. Phantom limb pain: mechanisms and treatment approaches. Pain resear- ch and treatment. 2011;2011: 864605. doi:10.1155/2011/864605

Chan BL, Witt R, Charrow AP, et al. Mirror therapy for phantom limb pain. The New England jour- nal of medicine. 2007;357(21): 2206-2207. doi:10.1056/NEJMc071927

Moseley GL. Graded motor imagery is effective for long-standing complex regional pain syndro- me: a randomised controlled trial. Pain. 2004;108(1-2): 192-198. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.01.006

Kuffler DP. Mechanisms for Reducing Neuropathic Pain. Molecular neurobiology. 2020;57(1): 67- 87. doi:10.1007/s12035-019-01757-9

Legro MW, Reiber G, del Aguila M, et al. Issues of importance reported by persons with lower limb amputations and prostheses. Journal of rehabilitation research and development. 1999;36(3): 155-163.

Sayfalar

377-392

Yayınlanan

11 Eylül 2026

Lisans

Lisans