Biomedical Potential of Plantago Major L.: Global Evidence and Perspectives for the Evaluation of Azerbaijani Populations
Özet
Plantago major L. is a cosmopolitan medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, infections, and wounds. Over the last two decades, increasing experimental evidence has validated many of these traditional applications, demonstrating antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and apoptosis-modulating activities attributed to diverse phytochemical constituents. This paper presents a critical synthesis of global biomedical evidence on Plantago major L., with particular emphasis on quantitative comparison of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and identification of gaps in cytotoxic and apoptotic research. Comparative analysis reveals that biological activity is highly dependent on extraction solvent, assay methodology, and geographic origin. Azerbaijan, located within the Caucasus biodiversity hotspot and characterized by diverse ecological zones, represents an underexplored region for P. major research. Systematic investigation of Azerbaijani populations using standardized extraction protocols and harmonized bioassays is therefore scientifically justified and may yield novel insights relevant to both fundamental and applied biomedical research.
Referanslar
Adom, M.B., Taher, M., and Mutalabisin, S. (2017). Pharmacological potential of Plantago major. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 95, 161–169
Adom, M.B., Taher, M., Mutalabisin, S., and Amri, S. (2017). Chemical constituents and medical benefits of Plantago major. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 95, 348–360
Patel, S. (2012). Plant-derived anticancer agents: A review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 66(6), 435–445.
Arslan, M., Yildirim, A., and Turan, H. (2018). Antimicrobial activity of Plantago major extracts against clinical isolates. Proceedings of the International Conference on Medicinal Plants
Atanasov, A. G. et al. (2021). Natural products in drug discovery: Advances and opportunities. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 20, 200–216
Atanasov, A.G. et al. (2018). Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review. Biotechnology Advances, 36(6), 1582–1614
Scalbert, A., Johnson, I.T., and Saltmarsh, M. (2005). Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81(1), 215S–217S.
Beara, I. N., Lesjak, D., Orčić, N., and Mimica-Dukić, N. (2009). Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of Plantago major extracts. Food Chemistry, 114, 125–132
de Andrade, E. F., Farias, F. F., and de Souza, M. M. (2018). Bioactive compounds and biological activities of Plantago major: A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 118, 292–300
Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.C. (2015). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 5th ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
Li, Y., Zhang, Y., and Wang, H. (2014). Phenylpropanoid glycosides from Plantago species and their biological activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 155, 1106–1112
Lobo, V., Patil, A., Phatak, A., and Chandra, N. (2010). Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 4(8), 118–126
Mammadov, R. (2014). Tohumlu Bitkilerde Sekonder Metabolitler. 415 c., Yayın No: 841. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara. (ISBN-13: 978-6051337432)
Mazzutti, S., Ferreira, A., and Costa, J. A. V. (2017). Subcritical water extraction of bioactive compounds from Plantago major. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 130, 166–175
Metiner, K., Ozkan, A., and Ozdemir, F. (2012). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Plantago major L. extracts. Turkish Journal of Biology, 36, 667–674
Newman, D.J. and Cragg, G.M. (2020). Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 1981 to 2019. Journal of Natural Products, 83(3), 770–803
Possamai Rossatto, D.R., Zeni, F.S., and de Oliveira, M.R. (2021). Antifungal activity of plant-derived phenolics against Candida species. Journal of Fungi, 7(9)
Sardi, J.C.O. et al. (2013). Candida species: current epidemiology, pathogenicity, biofilm formation, natural antifungal products and new therapeutic options. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 62, 10–24.
Radulescu, C., Stihi, C., Popescu, I., and Dulama, A. (2016). Metal accumulation and biochemical responses in Plantago major growing in polluted environments. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(2)
Samuelsen, A.B. (2000). The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L.: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71(1–2), 1–21
Shirley, J., Summerlin, A.N., and Jones, L.L. (2015). Antifungal and antibiofilm activity of Plantago major extracts. Journal of Prosthodontics, 24(6), 437–443
Skrynetska, I., Vovk, N., and Matvieieva, I. (2019). Environmental influence on phytochemical composition and biological activity of Plantago major. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 36244–36258
Stanisavljević, I., Stojičević, S., and Veljković, D. (2008). Evaluation of cytotoxic potential of Plantago major extracts. Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 14, 95–101
Cai, Y., Luo, Q., Sun, M., and Corke, H. (2004). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of medicinal plants. Life Sciences, 74(17), 2157–2184.
Dai, J. and Mumper, R.J. (2010). Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules, 15(10), 7313–7352.
Ventola, C.L. (2015). The antibiotic resistance crisis: Part 1: Causes and threats. P&T, 40(4), 277–283
World Health Organization, WHO. (2013). Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014–2023. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press
Referanslar
Adom, M.B., Taher, M., and Mutalabisin, S. (2017). Pharmacological potential of Plantago major. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 95, 161–169
Adom, M.B., Taher, M., Mutalabisin, S., and Amri, S. (2017). Chemical constituents and medical benefits of Plantago major. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 95, 348–360
Patel, S. (2012). Plant-derived anticancer agents: A review. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 66(6), 435–445.
Arslan, M., Yildirim, A., and Turan, H. (2018). Antimicrobial activity of Plantago major extracts against clinical isolates. Proceedings of the International Conference on Medicinal Plants
Atanasov, A. G. et al. (2021). Natural products in drug discovery: Advances and opportunities. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 20, 200–216
Atanasov, A.G. et al. (2018). Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review. Biotechnology Advances, 36(6), 1582–1614
Scalbert, A., Johnson, I.T., and Saltmarsh, M. (2005). Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81(1), 215S–217S.
Beara, I. N., Lesjak, D., Orčić, N., and Mimica-Dukić, N. (2009). Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of Plantago major extracts. Food Chemistry, 114, 125–132
de Andrade, E. F., Farias, F. F., and de Souza, M. M. (2018). Bioactive compounds and biological activities of Plantago major: A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 118, 292–300
Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.C. (2015). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 5th ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
Li, Y., Zhang, Y., and Wang, H. (2014). Phenylpropanoid glycosides from Plantago species and their biological activities. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 155, 1106–1112
Lobo, V., Patil, A., Phatak, A., and Chandra, N. (2010). Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 4(8), 118–126
Mammadov, R. (2014). Tohumlu Bitkilerde Sekonder Metabolitler. 415 c., Yayın No: 841. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara. (ISBN-13: 978-6051337432)
Mazzutti, S., Ferreira, A., and Costa, J. A. V. (2017). Subcritical water extraction of bioactive compounds from Plantago major. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 130, 166–175
Metiner, K., Ozkan, A., and Ozdemir, F. (2012). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Plantago major L. extracts. Turkish Journal of Biology, 36, 667–674
Newman, D.J. and Cragg, G.M. (2020). Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 1981 to 2019. Journal of Natural Products, 83(3), 770–803
Possamai Rossatto, D.R., Zeni, F.S., and de Oliveira, M.R. (2021). Antifungal activity of plant-derived phenolics against Candida species. Journal of Fungi, 7(9)
Sardi, J.C.O. et al. (2013). Candida species: current epidemiology, pathogenicity, biofilm formation, natural antifungal products and new therapeutic options. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 62, 10–24.
Radulescu, C., Stihi, C., Popescu, I., and Dulama, A. (2016). Metal accumulation and biochemical responses in Plantago major growing in polluted environments. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(2)
Samuelsen, A.B. (2000). The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L.: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71(1–2), 1–21
Shirley, J., Summerlin, A.N., and Jones, L.L. (2015). Antifungal and antibiofilm activity of Plantago major extracts. Journal of Prosthodontics, 24(6), 437–443
Skrynetska, I., Vovk, N., and Matvieieva, I. (2019). Environmental influence on phytochemical composition and biological activity of Plantago major. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 36244–36258
Stanisavljević, I., Stojičević, S., and Veljković, D. (2008). Evaluation of cytotoxic potential of Plantago major extracts. Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 14, 95–101
Cai, Y., Luo, Q., Sun, M., and Corke, H. (2004). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of medicinal plants. Life Sciences, 74(17), 2157–2184.
Dai, J. and Mumper, R.J. (2010). Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules, 15(10), 7313–7352.
Ventola, C.L. (2015). The antibiotic resistance crisis: Part 1: Causes and threats. P&T, 40(4), 277–283
World Health Organization, WHO. (2013). Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014–2023. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press
