Lyme Hastalığı
Özet
Lyme hastalığı, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato’nun neden olduğu kene kaynaklı bir hastalıktır. Kene ısırığının olduğu yerde lokal enfeksiyonla başlar ve çoğu hastada eritema migrans gelişir. Lokal enfeksiyon kan yoluyla günler-haftalar sonra diğer doku ve organlara yayılabilir. Erken lokalize hastalık, erken yaygın hastalık ve geç hastalık olmak üzere üç evrede izlenir. Tanı için erken lokalize hastalık evresinde eritema migrans görülmesi tek başına yeterlidir. Bundan sonraki iki evrede tanı için bir tane geç enfeksiyon belirtisi ile birlikte enfeksiyonun laboratuvar doğrulaması gereklidir. Erken ve uygun antibiyoterapi ile hastalığın prognozu çok iyidir. Antimikrobiyal tedavi süresi hastalık evresine ve tutulum yerine göre değişmektedir. Endemik bölgelerde kene ısırığından korunmaya yönelik önlemler alınmalıdır. Henüz etkin bir aşısı yoktur. Patojenin bulaşmasını ve yayılmasını önlemeye odaklanan alternatif koruyucu stratejilere ve aşı çalışmalarına önem verilmelidir.
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