Tip 1 Diyabet Tanı ve Tedavisi
Özet
Referanslar
Katsarou A, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Rawshani A, et al. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17016. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.16
McCulloch DK, Palmer JP, Benson EA. Beta cell function in the preclinical period of insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1987;3(1):27-43. doi:10.1002/dmr.5610030102
Jefferson IG, Smith MA, Baum JD. Insulin dependent diabetes in under 5 year olds. Arch Dis Child. 1985 Dec;60(12):1144-8. doi: 10.1136/adc.60.12.1144.
Couper J, Donaghue K. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes. Phases of diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2007;8(1):44-47. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2006.00225.x
Libman I, Haynes A, Lyons S, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1160-1174. doi:10.1111/pedi.13454
Glaser N, Fritsch M, Priyambada L, et al. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2022: Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(7):835-856. doi:10.1111/pedi.13406.
Pinkey JH, Bingley PJ, Sawtell PA, et al. Presentation and progress of childhood diabetes mellitus: a prospective population-based study. The Bart's-Oxford Study Group. Diabetologia. 1994;37(1):70-74. doi:10.1007/BF00428780
Komulainen J, Kulmala P, Savola K, et al. Clinical, autoimmune, and genetic characteristics of very young children with type 1 diabetes. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(12):1950-1955. doi:10.2337/diacare.22.12.1950
Craig ME, Hattersley A, Donaghue KC. Definition, epidemiology and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2009;10 Suppl 12:3-12. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00568.x
Lombardo F, Valenzise M, Wasniewska M, et al. Two-year prospective evaluation of the factors affecting honeymoon frequency and duration in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: the key-role of age at diagnosis. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 2002;15(4):246-251.
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S20-S42. doi:10.2337/dc24-S002
Ehehalt S, Gauger N, Blumenstock G, et al. Hemoglobin A1c is a reliable criterion for diagnosing type 1 diabetes in childhood and adolescence. Pediatr Diabetes. 2010;11(7):446-449. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00633.x
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee . Summary of Revisions: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Supplement_1):S5-S10. doi:10.2337/dc24-SREV
Limbert C, Tinti D, Malik F, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: The delivery of ambulatory diabetes care to children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1243-1269. doi:10.1111/pedi.13417
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 14. Children and Adolescents: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S208-S231. doi:10.2337/dc22-S014
Cengiz E, Danne T, Ahmad T, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Insulin treatment in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1277-1296. doi:10.1111/pedi.13442
Diabetes (type 1 and type 2) in children and young people: diagnosis and management. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2023 May 11.
Silverstein J, Klingensmith G, Copeland K, et al. Care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(1):186-212. doi:10.2337/diacare.28.1.186
Brorsson AL, Viklund G, Örtqvist E, et al. Does treatment with an insulin pump improve glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes? A retrospective case-control study. Pediatr Diabetes. 2015;16(7):546-553. doi:10.1111/pedi.12209
Lepore M, Pampanelli S, Fanelli C, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous injection of long-acting human insulin analog glargine, NPH insulin, and ultralente human insulin and continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin lispro. Diabetes. 2000;49(12):2142-2148. doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.12.2142
de Bock M, Codner E, Craig ME, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Glycemic targets and glucose monitoring for children, adolescents, and young people with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1270-1276. doi:10.1111/pedi.13455
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 14. Children and Adolescents: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S258-S281. doi:10.2337/dc24-S014
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 6. Glycemic Goals and Hypoglycemia: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S111-S125. doi:10.2337/dc24-S006
Tordjman KM, Havlin CE, Levandoski LA, White NH, Santiago JV, Cryer PE. Failure of nocturnal hypoglycemia to cause fasting hyperglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(25):1552-1559. doi:10.1056/NEJM198712173172502
Bolli GB, Gerich JE. The "dawn phenomenon"--a common occurrence in both non-insulin-dependent and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1984;310(12):746-750. doi:10.1056/NEJM198403223101203
De Feo P, Perriello G, Bolli GB. Somogyi and dawn phenomena: mechanisms. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1988;4(1):31-49. doi:10.1002/dmr.5610040106
Annan SF, Higgins LA, Jelleryd E, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Nutritional management in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1297-1321. doi:10.1111/pedi.13429
Lindholm Olinder A, DeAbreu M, Greene S, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Diabetes education in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1229-1242. doi:10.1111/pedi.13418
Mauras N, Buckingham B, White NH, et al. Impact of Type 1 Diabetes in the Developing Brain in Children: A Longitudinal Study. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(4):983-992. doi:10.2337/dc20-2125
Abraham MB, Karges B, Dovc K, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Assessment and management of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1322-1340. doi:10.1111/pedi.13443
Referanslar
Katsarou A, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Rawshani A, et al. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17016. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.16
McCulloch DK, Palmer JP, Benson EA. Beta cell function in the preclinical period of insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1987;3(1):27-43. doi:10.1002/dmr.5610030102
Jefferson IG, Smith MA, Baum JD. Insulin dependent diabetes in under 5 year olds. Arch Dis Child. 1985 Dec;60(12):1144-8. doi: 10.1136/adc.60.12.1144.
Couper J, Donaghue K. International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes. Phases of diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2007;8(1):44-47. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2006.00225.x
Libman I, Haynes A, Lyons S, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Definition, epidemiology, and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1160-1174. doi:10.1111/pedi.13454
Glaser N, Fritsch M, Priyambada L, et al. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2022: Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(7):835-856. doi:10.1111/pedi.13406.
Pinkey JH, Bingley PJ, Sawtell PA, et al. Presentation and progress of childhood diabetes mellitus: a prospective population-based study. The Bart's-Oxford Study Group. Diabetologia. 1994;37(1):70-74. doi:10.1007/BF00428780
Komulainen J, Kulmala P, Savola K, et al. Clinical, autoimmune, and genetic characteristics of very young children with type 1 diabetes. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(12):1950-1955. doi:10.2337/diacare.22.12.1950
Craig ME, Hattersley A, Donaghue KC. Definition, epidemiology and classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2009;10 Suppl 12:3-12. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00568.x
Lombardo F, Valenzise M, Wasniewska M, et al. Two-year prospective evaluation of the factors affecting honeymoon frequency and duration in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: the key-role of age at diagnosis. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 2002;15(4):246-251.
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S20-S42. doi:10.2337/dc24-S002
Ehehalt S, Gauger N, Blumenstock G, et al. Hemoglobin A1c is a reliable criterion for diagnosing type 1 diabetes in childhood and adolescence. Pediatr Diabetes. 2010;11(7):446-449. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00633.x
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee . Summary of Revisions: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Supplement_1):S5-S10. doi:10.2337/dc24-SREV
Limbert C, Tinti D, Malik F, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: The delivery of ambulatory diabetes care to children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1243-1269. doi:10.1111/pedi.13417
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 14. Children and Adolescents: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S208-S231. doi:10.2337/dc22-S014
Cengiz E, Danne T, Ahmad T, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Insulin treatment in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1277-1296. doi:10.1111/pedi.13442
Diabetes (type 1 and type 2) in children and young people: diagnosis and management. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2023 May 11.
Silverstein J, Klingensmith G, Copeland K, et al. Care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(1):186-212. doi:10.2337/diacare.28.1.186
Brorsson AL, Viklund G, Örtqvist E, et al. Does treatment with an insulin pump improve glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes? A retrospective case-control study. Pediatr Diabetes. 2015;16(7):546-553. doi:10.1111/pedi.12209
Lepore M, Pampanelli S, Fanelli C, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous injection of long-acting human insulin analog glargine, NPH insulin, and ultralente human insulin and continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin lispro. Diabetes. 2000;49(12):2142-2148. doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.12.2142
de Bock M, Codner E, Craig ME, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Glycemic targets and glucose monitoring for children, adolescents, and young people with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1270-1276. doi:10.1111/pedi.13455
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 14. Children and Adolescents: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S258-S281. doi:10.2337/dc24-S014
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 6. Glycemic Goals and Hypoglycemia: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(Suppl 1):S111-S125. doi:10.2337/dc24-S006
Tordjman KM, Havlin CE, Levandoski LA, White NH, Santiago JV, Cryer PE. Failure of nocturnal hypoglycemia to cause fasting hyperglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(25):1552-1559. doi:10.1056/NEJM198712173172502
Bolli GB, Gerich JE. The "dawn phenomenon"--a common occurrence in both non-insulin-dependent and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1984;310(12):746-750. doi:10.1056/NEJM198403223101203
De Feo P, Perriello G, Bolli GB. Somogyi and dawn phenomena: mechanisms. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1988;4(1):31-49. doi:10.1002/dmr.5610040106
Annan SF, Higgins LA, Jelleryd E, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Nutritional management in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1297-1321. doi:10.1111/pedi.13429
Lindholm Olinder A, DeAbreu M, Greene S, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Diabetes education in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1229-1242. doi:10.1111/pedi.13418
Mauras N, Buckingham B, White NH, et al. Impact of Type 1 Diabetes in the Developing Brain in Children: A Longitudinal Study. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(4):983-992. doi:10.2337/dc20-2125
Abraham MB, Karges B, Dovc K, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Assessment and management of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1322-1340. doi:10.1111/pedi.13443
