Çocukluk Çağında Baş Ağrıları
Özet
Baş ağrıları çocukluk çağında sık karşılaşılan problemlerin başında gelir. Sıklıkla gerilim tipi baş ağrısı, migren, yaşam tarzı ilişkili baş ağrıları, stres, dehidratasyon gibi görece masum nedenlerden kaynaklansa da altta yatan önemli problemlerinde habercisi olabilir. Bu nedenle mümkün olduğunca sistematik ve basamaklı bir yaklaşım ve tedavi seçeneklerinin farkında olmak hasta sağlığı için önemlidir. Bu yazıda çocukluk çağı baş ağrılarına genel yaklaşım, ayırıcı tanı, kırmızı bayrak semptomların tanınması, baş ağrılı çocukların yönetimi ve alternatif tedavi seçenekleri üzerinde durulacaktır.
Referanslar
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204-22.
Kelly M, Strelzik J, Langdon R, DiSabella M. Pediatric headache: overview. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2018;30(6):748-54.
Chen L, Alfonzo M. Acute Migraine Management in Children. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2015;31:722-7.
Barea LM, Tannhauser M, Rotta NT. An epidemiologic study of headache among children and adolescents of southern Brazil. Cephalalgia. 1996;16(8):545-9; discussion 23.
Krogh A-B, Larsson B, Linde M. Prevalence and disability of headache among Norwegian adolescents: a cross-sectional school-based study. Cephalalgia. 2015;35(13):1181-91.
Langdon R, DiSabella MT. Pediatric Headache: An Overview. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care. 2017;47(3):44-65.
Lateef TM, Merikangas KR, He J, et al. Headache in a national sample of American children: prevalence and comorbidity. J Child Neurol. 2009;24(5):536-43.
Abu-Arafeh I, Macleod S. Serious neurological disorders in children with chronic headache. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90(9):937-40.
Canpolat M, Kumandas S. Approach to Child Admitted with Headache and Management of Acute Headaches. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr. 2018;14(1):82-98.
Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1-211.
The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33(9):629-808.
Straube A, Heinen F, Ebinger F, von Kries R. Headache in school children: prevalence and risk factors. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2013;110(48):811-8.
Jacobs H, Gladstein J. Pediatric headache: a clinical review. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 2012;52(2):333-9.
Daniel J Bonthius ADH. Headache in children: Approach to evaluation and general management strategies. In: Jan E Drutz MCP, Jerry W Swanson, , editor. Uptodate. Online: Uptodate; 2021.
Raucci U, Della Vecchia N, Ossella C, et al. Management of Childhood Headache in the Emergency Department. Review of the Literature. Frontiers in Neurology. 2019;10.
Lewis D, Ashwal S, Dahl G, et al. Practice parameter: evaluation of children and adolescents with recurrent headaches: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology. 2002;59(4):490-8.
Rothner AD, Parikh S. Migraine Variants or Episodic Syndromes That May Be Associated With Migraine and Other Unusual Pediatric Headache Syndromes. Headache. 2016;56(1):206-14.
Gelfand AA. Episodic Syndromes That May Be Associated With Migraine: A.K.A. "the Childhood Periodic Syndromes". Headache. 2015;55(10):1358-64.
Rothner AD. The evaluation of headaches in children and adolescents. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 1995;2(2):109-18.
Lewis DW. Headaches in Infants and Children. In: Swaiman KF AS, Ferriero DM, Schor NF, editor. Swaiman’s Pediatric Neurology Principles and Practice. 5 ed. UK/USA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 881-99.
Lewis DW. Headaches in children and adolescents. Am Fam Physician. 2002;65(4):625-32.
Linder SL. Understanding the comprehensive pediatric headache examination. SLACK Incorporated Thorofare, NJ; 2005. p. 442-6.
Lewis KS. Pediatric Headache. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology. 2010;17(4):224-9.
Romanello S, Spiri D, Marcuzzi E, et al. Association between childhood migraine and history of infantile colic. Jama. 2013;309(15):1607-12.
Teleanu RI, Vladacenco O, Teleanu DM, Epure DA. Treatment of Pediatric Migraine: a Review. Maedica (Bucur). 2016;11(2):136-43.
Kacperski J, Kabbouche MA, O'Brien HL, Weberding JL. The optimal management of headaches in children and adolescents. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2016;9(1):53-68.
Callenbach PM, Pels LP, Mulder PG, et al. Sumatriptan nasal spray in the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents and children. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 2007;11(6):325-30.
Linder SL, Mathew NT, Cady RK, Finlayson G, Ishkanian G, Lewis DW. Efficacy and tolerability of almotriptan in adolescents: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 2008;48(9):1326-36.
Edvinsson L, Linde M. New drugs in migraine treatment and prophylaxis: telcagepant and topiramate. The Lancet. 2010;376(9741):645-55.
J. Eric Pin˜a-Garza KCJ. Headache. In: J. Eric Pin˜a-Garza KCJ, editor. Fenichel’s Clinical Pediatric Neurology. Eighth Edition ed. United States of America: Elsevier; 2019. p. 78-90.
Hämäläinen ML, Hoppu K, Valkeila E, Santavuori P. Ibuprofen or acetaminophen for the acute treatment of migraine in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Neurology. 1997;48(1):103-7.
Özge A, Faedda N, Abu-Arafeh I, et al. Experts’ opinion about the primary headache diagnostic criteria of the ICHD-beta in children and adolescents. The journal of headache and pain. 2017;18(1):1-9.
Babineau SE, Green MW. Headaches in children. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2012;18(4):853-68.
Referanslar
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204-22.
Kelly M, Strelzik J, Langdon R, DiSabella M. Pediatric headache: overview. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2018;30(6):748-54.
Chen L, Alfonzo M. Acute Migraine Management in Children. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2015;31:722-7.
Barea LM, Tannhauser M, Rotta NT. An epidemiologic study of headache among children and adolescents of southern Brazil. Cephalalgia. 1996;16(8):545-9; discussion 23.
Krogh A-B, Larsson B, Linde M. Prevalence and disability of headache among Norwegian adolescents: a cross-sectional school-based study. Cephalalgia. 2015;35(13):1181-91.
Langdon R, DiSabella MT. Pediatric Headache: An Overview. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care. 2017;47(3):44-65.
Lateef TM, Merikangas KR, He J, et al. Headache in a national sample of American children: prevalence and comorbidity. J Child Neurol. 2009;24(5):536-43.
Abu-Arafeh I, Macleod S. Serious neurological disorders in children with chronic headache. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90(9):937-40.
Canpolat M, Kumandas S. Approach to Child Admitted with Headache and Management of Acute Headaches. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr. 2018;14(1):82-98.
Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1-211.
The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33(9):629-808.
Straube A, Heinen F, Ebinger F, von Kries R. Headache in school children: prevalence and risk factors. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2013;110(48):811-8.
Jacobs H, Gladstein J. Pediatric headache: a clinical review. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 2012;52(2):333-9.
Daniel J Bonthius ADH. Headache in children: Approach to evaluation and general management strategies. In: Jan E Drutz MCP, Jerry W Swanson, , editor. Uptodate. Online: Uptodate; 2021.
Raucci U, Della Vecchia N, Ossella C, et al. Management of Childhood Headache in the Emergency Department. Review of the Literature. Frontiers in Neurology. 2019;10.
Lewis D, Ashwal S, Dahl G, et al. Practice parameter: evaluation of children and adolescents with recurrent headaches: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology. 2002;59(4):490-8.
Rothner AD, Parikh S. Migraine Variants or Episodic Syndromes That May Be Associated With Migraine and Other Unusual Pediatric Headache Syndromes. Headache. 2016;56(1):206-14.
Gelfand AA. Episodic Syndromes That May Be Associated With Migraine: A.K.A. "the Childhood Periodic Syndromes". Headache. 2015;55(10):1358-64.
Rothner AD. The evaluation of headaches in children and adolescents. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 1995;2(2):109-18.
Lewis DW. Headaches in Infants and Children. In: Swaiman KF AS, Ferriero DM, Schor NF, editor. Swaiman’s Pediatric Neurology Principles and Practice. 5 ed. UK/USA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 881-99.
Lewis DW. Headaches in children and adolescents. Am Fam Physician. 2002;65(4):625-32.
Linder SL. Understanding the comprehensive pediatric headache examination. SLACK Incorporated Thorofare, NJ; 2005. p. 442-6.
Lewis KS. Pediatric Headache. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology. 2010;17(4):224-9.
Romanello S, Spiri D, Marcuzzi E, et al. Association between childhood migraine and history of infantile colic. Jama. 2013;309(15):1607-12.
Teleanu RI, Vladacenco O, Teleanu DM, Epure DA. Treatment of Pediatric Migraine: a Review. Maedica (Bucur). 2016;11(2):136-43.
Kacperski J, Kabbouche MA, O'Brien HL, Weberding JL. The optimal management of headaches in children and adolescents. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2016;9(1):53-68.
Callenbach PM, Pels LP, Mulder PG, et al. Sumatriptan nasal spray in the acute treatment of migraine in adolescents and children. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 2007;11(6):325-30.
Linder SL, Mathew NT, Cady RK, Finlayson G, Ishkanian G, Lewis DW. Efficacy and tolerability of almotriptan in adolescents: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 2008;48(9):1326-36.
Edvinsson L, Linde M. New drugs in migraine treatment and prophylaxis: telcagepant and topiramate. The Lancet. 2010;376(9741):645-55.
J. Eric Pin˜a-Garza KCJ. Headache. In: J. Eric Pin˜a-Garza KCJ, editor. Fenichel’s Clinical Pediatric Neurology. Eighth Edition ed. United States of America: Elsevier; 2019. p. 78-90.
Hämäläinen ML, Hoppu K, Valkeila E, Santavuori P. Ibuprofen or acetaminophen for the acute treatment of migraine in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Neurology. 1997;48(1):103-7.
Özge A, Faedda N, Abu-Arafeh I, et al. Experts’ opinion about the primary headache diagnostic criteria of the ICHD-beta in children and adolescents. The journal of headache and pain. 2017;18(1):1-9.
Babineau SE, Green MW. Headaches in children. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2012;18(4):853-68.
