Akut Demiyelinizan Sendrom ve Akut Dissemine Ensefalomiyelit

Krupp LB, Tardieu M, Amato MP, et al. International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group criteria for pediatric multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated central nervous system demyelinating disorders: revisions to the 2007 definitions. Mult Scler 2013;19:1261-1267.

Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL, et al. International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Neurology 2015;85:177-189.

Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol 2018;17:162-173.

Filippi M, Rocca MA, Ciccarelli O, et al. MRI criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines. Lancet Neurol 2016;15:292-303.

Banwell B, Kennedy J, Sadovnick D, et al. Incidence of acquired demyelination of the CNS in Canadian children. Neurology 2009;72:232-239.

Ketelslegers IA, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Neuteboom RF, et al. Incidence of acquired demyelinating syndromes of the CNS in Dutch children: a nationwide study. J Neurol 2012;259:1929-1935.

Langer-Gould A, Zhang JL, Chung J, Yeung Y, Waubant E, Yao J. Incidence of acquired CNS demyelinating syndromes in a multiethnic cohort of children. Neurology 2011;77:1143-1148.

Langer-Gould A, Qian L, Tartof SY, et al. Vaccines and the risk of multiple sclerosis and other central nervous system demyelinating diseases. JAMA Neurol 2014;71:1506-1513.

Matricardi S, Farello G, Savasta S, Verrotti A. Understanding Childhood Neuroimmune Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Front Pediatr 2019;7:511.

Cole J, Evans E, Mwangi M, Mar S. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Children: An Updated Review Based on Current Diagnostic Criteria. Pediatr Neurol 2019;100:26-34.

Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Kumar N. Pathophysiology of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis. Multiple Sclerosis: Elsevier, 2016: 201-248.

Ayed H, Chaudhary MW, AlBaradie R, Mir A. Use of Cyclophosphamide in a Child With Fulminant Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis. Child Neurol Open 2018;5:2329048x18754631.

Esposito S, Picciolli I, Semino M, Principi N. Steroids and childhood encephalitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2012;31:759-760.

Filippi M, Rocca MA. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. White matter diseases: Springer, 2020: 109-125.

Massa S, Fracchiolla A, Neglia C, Argentiero A, Esposito S. Update on Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Children and Adolescents. Children (Basel) 2021;8.

Ketelslegers IA, Visser IE, Neuteboom RF, Boon M, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Hintzen RQ. Disease course and outcome of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is more severe in adults than in children. Mult Scler 2011;17:441-448.

Krupp LB, Banwell B, Tenembaum S. Consensus definitions proposed for pediatric multiple sclerosis and related disorders. Neurology 2007;68:S7-12.

Berzero G, Cortese A, Ravaglia S, Marchioni E. Diagnosis and therapy of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and its variants. Expert Rev Neurother 2016;16:83-101.

Waldman AT, Gorman MP, Rensel MR, Austin TE, Hertz DP, Kuntz NL. Management of pediatric central nervous system demyelinating disorders: consensus of United States neurologists. J Child Neurol 2011;26:675-682.

Alexander M, Murthy JM. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: Treatment guidelines. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2011;14:S60-64.

Dale RC, de Sousa C, Chong WK, Cox TC, Harding B, Neville BG. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis in children. Brain 2000;123 Pt 12:2407-2422.

Anlar B, Basaran C, Kose G, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children: outcome and prognosis. Neuropediatrics 2003;34:194-199.

Pradhan S, Gupta RP, Shashank S, Pandey N. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. J Neurol Sci 1999;165:56-61.

Straussberg R, Schonfeld T, Weitz R, Karmazyn B, Harel L. Improvement of atypical acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulins. Pediatr Neurol 2001;24:139-143.

Nishikawa M, Ichiyama T, Hayashi T, Ouchi K, Furukawa S. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Pediatr Neurol 1999;21:583-586.

RamachandranNair R, Rafeequ M, Girija AS. Plasmapheresis in childhood acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Indian Pediatr 2005;42:479-482.

Pohl D, Tenembaum S. Treatment of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2012;14:264-275.

Balestri P, Grosso S, Acquaviva A, Bernini M. Plasmapheresis in a child affected by acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Brain Dev 2000;22:123-126.

Weinshenker BG, O'Brien PC, Petterson TM, et al. A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease. Ann Neurol 1999;46:878-886.

Krupp LB, Tardieu M, Amato MP, et al. International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group criteria for pediatric multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated central nervous system demyelinating disorders: revisions to the 2007 definitions. Mult Scler 2013;19:1261-1267.

Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL, et al. International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Neurology 2015;85:177-189.

Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol 2018;17:162-173.

Filippi M, Rocca MA, Ciccarelli O, et al. MRI criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines. Lancet Neurol 2016;15:292-303.

Banwell B, Kennedy J, Sadovnick D, et al. Incidence of acquired demyelination of the CNS in Canadian children. Neurology 2009;72:232-239.

Ketelslegers IA, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Neuteboom RF, et al. Incidence of acquired demyelinating syndromes of the CNS in Dutch children: a nationwide study. J Neurol 2012;259:1929-1935.

Langer-Gould A, Zhang JL, Chung J, Yeung Y, Waubant E, Yao J. Incidence of acquired CNS demyelinating syndromes in a multiethnic cohort of children. Neurology 2011;77:1143-1148.

Langer-Gould A, Qian L, Tartof SY, et al. Vaccines and the risk of multiple sclerosis and other central nervous system demyelinating diseases. JAMA Neurol 2014;71:1506-1513.

Matricardi S, Farello G, Savasta S, Verrotti A. Understanding Childhood Neuroimmune Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Front Pediatr 2019;7:511.

Cole J, Evans E, Mwangi M, Mar S. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Children: An Updated Review Based on Current Diagnostic Criteria. Pediatr Neurol 2019;100:26-34.

Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Kumar N. Pathophysiology of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis. Multiple Sclerosis: Elsevier, 2016: 201-248.

Ayed H, Chaudhary MW, AlBaradie R, Mir A. Use of Cyclophosphamide in a Child With Fulminant Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis. Child Neurol Open 2018;5:2329048x18754631.

Esposito S, Picciolli I, Semino M, Principi N. Steroids and childhood encephalitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2012;31:759-760.

Filippi M, Rocca MA. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. White matter diseases: Springer, 2020: 109-125.

Massa S, Fracchiolla A, Neglia C, Argentiero A, Esposito S. Update on Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Children and Adolescents. Children (Basel) 2021;8.

Ketelslegers IA, Visser IE, Neuteboom RF, Boon M, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Hintzen RQ. Disease course and outcome of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is more severe in adults than in children. Mult Scler 2011;17:441-448.

Krupp LB, Banwell B, Tenembaum S. Consensus definitions proposed for pediatric multiple sclerosis and related disorders. Neurology 2007;68:S7-12.

Berzero G, Cortese A, Ravaglia S, Marchioni E. Diagnosis and therapy of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and its variants. Expert Rev Neurother 2016;16:83-101.

Waldman AT, Gorman MP, Rensel MR, Austin TE, Hertz DP, Kuntz NL. Management of pediatric central nervous system demyelinating disorders: consensus of United States neurologists. J Child Neurol 2011;26:675-682.

Alexander M, Murthy JM. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: Treatment guidelines. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2011;14:S60-64.

Dale RC, de Sousa C, Chong WK, Cox TC, Harding B, Neville BG. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis in children. Brain 2000;123 Pt 12:2407-2422.

Anlar B, Basaran C, Kose G, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children: outcome and prognosis. Neuropediatrics 2003;34:194-199.

Pradhan S, Gupta RP, Shashank S, Pandey N. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. J Neurol Sci 1999;165:56-61.

Straussberg R, Schonfeld T, Weitz R, Karmazyn B, Harel L. Improvement of atypical acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulins. Pediatr Neurol 2001;24:139-143.

Nishikawa M, Ichiyama T, Hayashi T, Ouchi K, Furukawa S. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Pediatr Neurol 1999;21:583-586.

RamachandranNair R, Rafeequ M, Girija AS. Plasmapheresis in childhood acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Indian Pediatr 2005;42:479-482.

Pohl D, Tenembaum S. Treatment of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2012;14:264-275.

Balestri P, Grosso S, Acquaviva A, Bernini M. Plasmapheresis in a child affected by acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Brain Dev 2000;22:123-126.

Weinshenker BG, O'Brien PC, Petterson TM, et al. A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease. Ann Neurol 1999;46:878-886.