Hipotonik İnfant
Özet
Hipotoni anormal derecede düşük kas tonusu ile karakterize, gevşek bebek ifadesi ile bilinen çocukluk çağının sık görülen problemlerinden birisidir. Pratikte hipotonisiteyi ayıran standardize bir test yoktur ve olağan çocuk muayenesi vizitlerinde çocukların aktivasyonları, hareketleri ve tonusu değerlendirilmelidir. Hipotonisitenin altta yatan önemli hastalıkların işareti olabilmesi ve bu çocukların erken terapilerden fayda görebilmesi nedeniyle olguların erken tanınması ve basamaklı doğru yönetimi çocuklar için son derece hayatidir.
Referanslar
Peredo DE, Hannibal MC. The floppy infant: evaluation of hypotonia. Pediatr Rev. 2009;30(9):e66-76.
Bodensteiner JB. The evaluation of the hypotonic infant. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2008;15(1):10-20.
Bodamer OA. Approach to the infant with hypotonia and weakness. In: Marc C Patterson M, FRACPRichard Martin, MD, editor. UpToDate. Aug 27, 2021. Online: UpToDate Publishing; 2021. p. 1-22.
Madhok SS, Shabbir N. Hypotonia. 2021 Sep 18. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
Sparks SE. Neonatal hypotonia. Clin Perinatol. 2015;42(2):363-71, ix.
Akgün Ölmez HT. Hipotonik Bebek. Yalaz K (Editor). Temel Gelişimsel Çocuk Nöroloisi. 3.Baskı. Ankara/Yenimahalle: Hipokrat Yayıncılık; 2021. p. 281-90.
Bayram E, Yiş U, Kurul S.H. Hipotonik İnfant: Klinik Ve Etiyolojik Değerlendirme. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2012;26(3):219-28.
Harris SR. Congenital hypotonia: clinical and developmental assessment. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008;50(12):889-92.
J. Eric Pin˜a-Garza KCJ. The Hypotonic Infant. In: J. Eric Pin˜a-Garza KCJ, editor. Fenichel’s Clinical Pediatric Neurology. Eighth Edition ed. United States of America: Elsevier; 2019. p. 150-70.
O'Sullivan SB. Strategies to Improve Motor Function. In: O’Sullivan SB, Schmitz TJ, Fulk GD, editors. Physical Rehabilitation, 6e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Yang M. Newborn neurologic examination. Neurology. 2004;62(7):E15-E7.
Igarashi M. Floppy Infant Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease. 2004;6(2):69-90.
Cassidy SB, Dykens E, Williams CA. Prader‐Willi and Angelman syndromes: Sister imprinted disorders. American journal of medical genetics. 2000;97(2):136-46.
Richer LP, Shevell MI, Miller SP. Diagnostic profile of neonatal hypotonia: an 11-year study. Pediatric neurology. 2001;25(1):32-7.
Prasad AN, Prasad C. The floppy infant: contribution of genetic and metabolic disorders. Brain and Development. 2003;25(7):457-76.
Laugel V, Cossée M, Matis J, et al. Diagnostic approach to neonatal hypotonia: retrospective study on 144 neonates. European journal of pediatrics. 2008;167(5):517-23.
Paro-Panjan D, Neubauer D. Congenital hypotonia: is there an algorithm? Journal of child neurology. 2004;19(6):439-42.
Paleg G, Romness M, Livingstone R. Interventions to improve sensory and motor outcomes for young children with central hypotonia: A systematic review. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2018;11(1):57-70.
Harmelink M. Differentiating Congenital Myopathy from Congenital Muscular Dystrophy. Clin Perinatol. 2020;47(1):197-209.
Öztürk S, Canpolat M, Kumandaş S. Hipotonik İnfant. In, Temel Pediatrik Nöroloji Tanı ve Tedavi (Kumandaş & Canpolat). Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2022. pp.2967-2986.
Öztürk S, Canpolat M, Kumandaş S. Hipotonik İnfant Tanı ve Tedavi Algoritması. In, Pediatrik Nöroloji Algoritmalar ve İlaç Rehberi (Kumandaş & Canpolat). Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2022. pp.503-508.
Referanslar
Peredo DE, Hannibal MC. The floppy infant: evaluation of hypotonia. Pediatr Rev. 2009;30(9):e66-76.
Bodensteiner JB. The evaluation of the hypotonic infant. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2008;15(1):10-20.
Bodamer OA. Approach to the infant with hypotonia and weakness. In: Marc C Patterson M, FRACPRichard Martin, MD, editor. UpToDate. Aug 27, 2021. Online: UpToDate Publishing; 2021. p. 1-22.
Madhok SS, Shabbir N. Hypotonia. 2021 Sep 18. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
Sparks SE. Neonatal hypotonia. Clin Perinatol. 2015;42(2):363-71, ix.
Akgün Ölmez HT. Hipotonik Bebek. Yalaz K (Editor). Temel Gelişimsel Çocuk Nöroloisi. 3.Baskı. Ankara/Yenimahalle: Hipokrat Yayıncılık; 2021. p. 281-90.
Bayram E, Yiş U, Kurul S.H. Hipotonik İnfant: Klinik Ve Etiyolojik Değerlendirme. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2012;26(3):219-28.
Harris SR. Congenital hypotonia: clinical and developmental assessment. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008;50(12):889-92.
J. Eric Pin˜a-Garza KCJ. The Hypotonic Infant. In: J. Eric Pin˜a-Garza KCJ, editor. Fenichel’s Clinical Pediatric Neurology. Eighth Edition ed. United States of America: Elsevier; 2019. p. 150-70.
O'Sullivan SB. Strategies to Improve Motor Function. In: O’Sullivan SB, Schmitz TJ, Fulk GD, editors. Physical Rehabilitation, 6e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Yang M. Newborn neurologic examination. Neurology. 2004;62(7):E15-E7.
Igarashi M. Floppy Infant Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Neuromuscular Disease. 2004;6(2):69-90.
Cassidy SB, Dykens E, Williams CA. Prader‐Willi and Angelman syndromes: Sister imprinted disorders. American journal of medical genetics. 2000;97(2):136-46.
Richer LP, Shevell MI, Miller SP. Diagnostic profile of neonatal hypotonia: an 11-year study. Pediatric neurology. 2001;25(1):32-7.
Prasad AN, Prasad C. The floppy infant: contribution of genetic and metabolic disorders. Brain and Development. 2003;25(7):457-76.
Laugel V, Cossée M, Matis J, et al. Diagnostic approach to neonatal hypotonia: retrospective study on 144 neonates. European journal of pediatrics. 2008;167(5):517-23.
Paro-Panjan D, Neubauer D. Congenital hypotonia: is there an algorithm? Journal of child neurology. 2004;19(6):439-42.
Paleg G, Romness M, Livingstone R. Interventions to improve sensory and motor outcomes for young children with central hypotonia: A systematic review. J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2018;11(1):57-70.
Harmelink M. Differentiating Congenital Myopathy from Congenital Muscular Dystrophy. Clin Perinatol. 2020;47(1):197-209.
Öztürk S, Canpolat M, Kumandaş S. Hipotonik İnfant. In, Temel Pediatrik Nöroloji Tanı ve Tedavi (Kumandaş & Canpolat). Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2022. pp.2967-2986.
Öztürk S, Canpolat M, Kumandaş S. Hipotonik İnfant Tanı ve Tedavi Algoritması. In, Pediatrik Nöroloji Algoritmalar ve İlaç Rehberi (Kumandaş & Canpolat). Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2022. pp.503-508.
