Türkiye’de Orman Okulları
Özet
Bu araştırmada, orman okulu uygulaması gerçekleştiren okullarda bu uygulamaları yürüten öğretmenlerin orman okulu uygulama süreçlerindeki algılarını içeren görüşleri incelenerek Türkiye’de orman okulu uygulamalarının nasıl ele alındığı ve orman okulu uygulamalarının Türkiye’de ne kadar amacına ulaşabildiğinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden ‘Durum Çalışması’ ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, ‘Amaçlı Örnekleme’ yöntemlerinden ‘Maximum Çeşitlilik Örneklemesi’’ uygulama yöntemi ile seçilen; 5 farklı orman okulu uygulamasını yürüten öğretmenler ile görüşülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri katılımcılar ile çevrimiçi ve yüz yüze (karma) görüşmeler yapılarak elde edilmiştir.
Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular arasında, orman okullarının kuruluşları öğretmen kökenli insanlar tarafından yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Orman Okulları pedagojisine ilgi duyan ve gönül vermiş öğretmenler için açık hava ve sınıf dışı eğitimlerin düzenlenmesi, outdoor spor dalları (yelken, kürek, dağcılık, tırmanış vs.) ile ilgilenen eğitmenlerin orman okulları uygulamaları ile tanıştırılması veya orman okulları ile iş birliği içinde faaliyetleri gerçekleştirip farkındalık sağlayabilmesi adına okullarda hizmet içi eğitim kapsamında orman okullarıyla bağlantı kurularak eğitimler planlanması yönünde öneriler sunularak orman okulu eğitiminin felsefesini koruyarak Türkiye’de anlamlı bir yaygınlaşma sağlanabileceği yönünde önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
In this research, it is aimed to reveal how forest school practices are handled in Turkey and to what extent forest school practices can achieve their goals in Turkey by examining the opinions of teachers who carry out these practices in schools that implement forest school practices, including their perceptions of the forest school implementation processes. The research was carried out using ‘Case Study’, one of the qualitative research methods. The study group of the research was selected by the ‘Maximum Diversity Sampling’ application method, one of the ‘Purposive Sampling’ methods; The principals of 5 different forest schools were interviewed. The data of the research was obtained with a semi-structured interview form prepared by the researcher. The data of the research was obtained by conducting online and face-to-face (mixed) interviews with the participants.
Among the findings obtained in the research, the establishment of forest schools was made by people of teacher origin. In this context, organizing outdoor and out-of-class trainings for teachers who are interested in Forest Schools pedagogy, introducing instructors interested in outdoor sports (sailing, rowing, mountaineering, climbing, etc.) to forest school practices or carrying out activities in cooperation with forest schools. In order to realize and raise awareness, suggestions were made to plan trainings by establishing connections with forest schools within the scope of in-service training in schools, and suggestions were made that a meaningful expansion could be achieved in Turkey by preserving the philosophy of forest school education.
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