Subaraknoid Kanama
Özet
Subaraknoid kanama (SAK), genellikle intrakraniyal anevrizma rüptürüne veya kafa travmasına bağlı olarak gelişen, beyin ve omurilik zarları arasında meydana gelen kanamalardır. Yüksek mortalite ve morbidite oranlarıyla karakterize edilen bu durum, nörolojik aciller arasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ani başlangıçlı şiddetli baş ağrısı, bulantı, kusma ve nörolojik defisitlerle kendini gösteren SAK, erken tanı ve müdahale gerektirir. Tanıda en yaygın kullanılan yöntemler bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) ve manyetik rezonans görüntülemedir (MRG). Tedavide cerrahi müdahale, anevrizma klipsleme ve endovasküler yaklaşımlar öne çıkmaktadır. Bu bölümde, SAK'ın etiyolojisi, patofizyolojisi, klinik belirtileri, tanı ve tedavi yöntemleri detaylandırılmakta ve prognoza yönelik güncel yaklaşımlar sunulmaktadır. Gelişen nörogörüntüleme teknikleri ve minimal invaziv cerrahi yöntemlerle birlikte, hastaların uzun vadeli sağkalım oranlarında artış sağlanmaktadır.
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