Nörolojik Acil Durumlara Yol Açan Kardiyak Hastalıklar: Atriyal Aritmiler, Kardiyomiyopatiler
Özet
Bu bölüm, atriyal aritmiler ve kardiyomiyopatiler kaynaklı nörolojik acil durumların patofizyolojisi, klinik sunumu, tanısı ve yönetimi üzerinde durmaktadır. Atriyal fibrilasyon gibi aritmiler, embolik inmelerin önde gelen nedenlerindendir. Kardiyomiyopatiler ise serebral hipoperfüzyon ve tromboembolik olaylar yoluyla nörolojik komplikasyonlara katkıda bulunur. Tanısal süreçlerde EKG, ekokardiyografi ve MRI önemli rol oynar. Tedavi stratejileri antikoagülasyon, hız/ritim kontrolü ve ablasyonu içerir. Kardiyomiyopatili hastalarda kalp yetmezliği yönetimi ve antikoagülasyon tedavisi kritik öneme sahiptir. Prognoz, erken teşhis ve etkili yönetimle iyileşebilir; aksi halde ciddi nörolojik defisitler gelişebilir.
Referanslar
Pistoia F, Sacco S, Tiseo C, Degan D, Ornello R, Carolei A. The epidemiology of atrial fibrillation and stroke. Cardiology clinics. 2016;34(2):255-68.
Chen Z, Venkat P, Seyfried D, Chopp M, Yan T, Chen J. Brain–heart interaction: cardiac complications after stroke. Circulation research. 2017;121(4):451-68.
Organization WH. Neurological disorders: public health challenges: World Health Organization; 2006.
Essa H, Hill AM, Lip GY. Atrial fibrillation and stroke. Cardiac electrophysiology clinics. 2021;13(1):243-55.
Kamel H, Healey JS. Cardioembolic stroke. Circulation research. 2017;120(3):514-26.
Kamel H, Okin PM, Longstreth Jr W, Elkind MS, Soliman EZ. Atrial cardiopathy: a broadened concept of left atrial thromboembolism beyond atrial fibrillation. Future cardiology. 2015;11(3):323-31.
Garg L, Gupta M, Sabzwari SRA, Agrawal S, Agarwal M, Nazir T, et al. Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevalence, clinical impact, and management. Heart failure reviews. 2019;24:189-97.
Román GC. Brain hypoperfusion: a critical factor in vascular dementia. Neurological research. 2004;26(5):454-8.
Wijdicks EF. Neurologic complications of critical illness: Oxford University Press; 2023.
Wańkowicz P, Nowacki P, Gołąb-Janowska M. Atrial fibrillation risk factors in patients with ischemic stroke. Archives of Medical Science: AMS. 2021;17(1):19.
Susanto M. Dizziness: if not vertigo could it be cardiac disease? Australian Family Physician. 2014;43(5):264-9.
Van Dijk JG, Van Rossum IA, Thijs RD. Timing of circulatory and neurological events in syncope. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2020;7:36.
Haruki S, Minami Y, Hagiwara N. Stroke and embolic events in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: risk stratification in patients without atrial fibrillation. Stroke. 2016;47(4):936-42.
Lestari DD, Tjahjono CT, Kurnianingsih N. The Consequences of a Heart Condition: Acute Stroke and Limb Ischemia Secondary to Massive Intracardiac Thrombus in a Young Female with Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Heart Science Journal. 2024;5(3):71-5.
Benditt DG, Fedorowski A, Sutton R, van Dijk JG. Pathophysiology of Syncope: Current Concepts and Their Development. Physiological Reviews. 2024.
Chen LY, Soliman EZ. P wave indices—advancing our understanding of atrial fibrillation-related cardiovascular outcomes. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine. 2019;6:53.
Ebrahimi Z, Loni M, Daneshtalab M, Gharehbaghi A. A review on deep learning methods for ECG arrhythmia classification. Expert Systems with Applications: X. 2020;7:100033.
Anter E, Silverstein J, Tschabrunn CM, Shvilkin A, Haffajee CI, Zimetbaum PJ, et al. Comparison of intracardiac echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography for imaging of the right and left atrial appendages. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11(11):1890-7.
Lo C-M, Hung P-H, Lin D-T. Rapid assessment of acute ischemic stroke by computed tomography using deep convolutional neural networks. Journal of Digital Imaging. 2021;34(3):637-46.
Kim JY, Kim KH, Cho JY, Sim DS, Yoon HJ, Yoon NS, et al. D-dimer/troponin ratio in the differential diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism from non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine. 2019;34(6):1263.
Porcari A, De Angelis G, Romani S, Paldino A, Artico J, Cannatà A, et al. Current diagnostic strategies for dilated cardiomyopathy: a comparison of imaging techniques. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 2019;17(1):53-63.
Pagourelias ED, Alexandridis GM, Vassilikos VP. Fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: role of novel echo techniques and multi-modality imaging assessment. Heart Failure Reviews. 2021;26(6):1297-310.
Meinel TR, Eggimann A, Brignoli K, Wustmann K, Buffle E, Meinel FG, et al. Cardiovascular MRI compared to echocardiography to identify cardioaortic sources of ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in neurology. 2021;12:699838.
Rittoo D, Jones A, Lecky B, Neithercut D. Elevation of cardiac troponin T, but not cardiac troponin I, in patients with neuromuscular diseases: implications for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Journal of the American college of cardiology. 2014;63(22):2411-20.
Zirlik A, Bode C. Vitamin K antagonists: relative strengths and weaknesses vs. direct oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis. 2017;43(3):365-79.
Van Gelder IC, Rienstra M, Crijns HJ, Olshansky B. Rate control in atrial fibrillation. The Lancet. 2016;388(10046):818-28.
Lévy S, Steinbeck G, Santini L, Nabauer M, Maceda DP, Kantharia BK, et al. Management of atrial fibrillation: Two decades of progress—A scientific statement from the European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society. Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology. 2022;65(1):287-326.
Piccini JP, Fauchier L. Rhythm control in atrial fibrillation. The Lancet. 2016;388(10046):829-40.
Lip GY, Banerjee A, Boriani G, en Chiang C, Fargo R, Freedman B, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation: CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2018;154(5):1121-201.
Yeung C, Enriquez A, Suarez-Fuster L, Baranchuk A. Atrial fibrillation in patients with inherited cardiomyopathies. Ep Europace. 2019;21(1):22-32.
Kusumoto FM, Bailey KR, Chaouki AS, Deshmukh AJ, Gautam S, Kim RJ, et al. Systematic review for the 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2018;138(13):e392-e414.
Du H, Lei H, Ambler G, Fang S, He R, Yuan Q, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis before mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: a meta‐analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2021;10(23):e022303.
Yao X, Abraham NS, Alexander GC, Crown W, Montori VM, Sangaralingham LR, et al. Effect of adherence to oral anticoagulants on risk of stroke and major bleeding among patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2016;5(2):e003074.
Weintraub RG, Semsarian C, Macdonald P. Dilated cardiomyopathy. The Lancet. 2017;390(10092):400-14.
Hindricks G, Lenarczyk R, Kalarus Z, Doering M, Shamloo AS, Dagres N. Prevention of sudden cardiac death by the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2018;128(12):764-70.
Edlow JA, Rabinstein A, Traub SJ, Wijdicks EF. Diagnosis of reversible causes of coma. The Lancet. 2014;384(9959):2064-76.
Frantellizzi V, Pani A, Ricci M, Locuratolo N, Fattapposta F, De Vincentis G. Neuroimaging in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2020;73(4):1279-94.
Damluji AA, Forman DE, Van Diepen S, Alexander KP, Page RL, Hummel SL, et al. Older adults in the cardiac intensive care unit: factoring geriatric syndromes in the management, prognosis, and process of care: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141(2):e6-e32.
Ghoshal S, Freedman BI. Mechanisms of stroke in patients with chronic kidney disease. American journal of nephrology. 2019;50(4):229-39.
Jauch EC, Saver JL, Adams Jr HP, Bruno A, Connors J, Demaerschalk BM, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2013;44(3):870-947.
