D Vitamininin Halk Sağlığı Boyutu-1
Özet
Bu derlemede, D vitamini metabolizması, kaynakları, serum düzeyleri ve intoksikasyonu ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. D vitamini, kalsiyum ve fosfor metabolizmasındaki temel rolünün yanı sıra, bağışıklık sistemi modülasyonu, hücresel büyüme ve farklılaşma gibi birçok biyolojik süreçte kritik bir işlev görmektedir. D vitamini eksikliğinin prevalansı dünya genelinde yüksektir ve bu durum, kemik sağlığı sorunlarının yanı sıra otoimmün hastalıklar, kardiyovasküler rahatsızlıklar ve bazı kanser türleriyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu derlemede, D vitamini eksikliğinin küresel bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak ele alınması ve eksikliklerin önlenmesi için stratejik öneriler sunulmuştur.
This review provides a comprehensive analysis of vitamin D metabolism, sources, serum levels, and intoxication. Vitamin D plays a crucial role not only in calcium and phosphorus metabolism but also in modulating the immune system, cellular growth, and differentiation. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high worldwide, leading to bone health issues as well as associations with autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and certain cancers. This review emphasizes the global public health implications of vitamin D deficiency and offers strategic recommendations for its prevention.
Referanslar
Pfotenhauer, K. M. & Shubrook, J. H. Vitamin D Deficiency, Its Role in Health and Disease, and Current Supplementation Recommendations. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 117, 301–305 (2017).
Cashman, K. D. Vitamin D Deficiency: Defining, Prevalence, Causes, and Strategies of Addressing. Calcif Tissue Int, 106, 14–29 (2020).
Van Schoor, N. & Lips, P. Global Overview of Vitamin D Status. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 46, 845–870 (2017).
Cui, A. et al. Global and regional prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in population-based studies from 2000 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 7.9 million participants. Front Nutr, 10, (2023).
Hekimoğlu, B., Erin, R. & Yılmaz, H. K. Comparison of cord blood and 6‐month‐old vitamin D levels of healthy term infants supplemented with 400 IU/day dose of vitamin D. Eur J Clin Nutr, 77, 182–188 (2023).
Yildiz, Z., Hürmeydan, Ö., Madenci, et al. Age, gender and season dependent 25(OH)D levels in children and adults living in Istanbul. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 45, 533–541 (2020).
Çubukçu, M., Acı, R. & Müderrisoğlu, S. Evaluation of Vitamin D Levels According to Age, Sex and Seasonal Characteristics in Samsun. Ankara Medical Journal, 19-4, 769–775 (2019) doi:10.17098/amj.652002.
Bozkurt, S. Age, Sex, and Seasonal Variations in the Serum Vitamin D3 Levels in a Local Turkish Population. Arch Rheumatol, 29, 14–19 (2014).
Sezgin, G., Ozturk, G., Turkal, et al. Vitamin D levels of outpatients admitted to a university hospital in the marmara region of Turkey over 3 years. J Med Biochem, 38, 181–187 (2019).
Göktaş, O., Ersoy, C., Ercan, I., et al. Vitamin D status in the adult population of Bursa-Turkey. European Journal of General Practice, 26, 156–162 (2020).
Macdonald, H. M. Contributions of Sunlight and Diet to Vitamin D Status. Calcif Tissue Int, 92, 163–176 (2013).
Cone, T. E. A Rachitic Infant Painted by Burgkmair 136 Years before Dr. Whistler Described Rickets. Clin Pediatr (Phila), 19, 194–194 (1980).
Hawgood, B. J. Sir Edward Mellanby (1884–1955) GBE KCB FRCP FRS: Nutrition Scientist and Medical Research Mandarin. J Med Biogr, 18, 150–157 (2010).
Rafter, G. W. Elmer McCollum and the Disappearance of Rickets. Perspect Biol Med, 30, 527–534 (1987).
Steenbock, H. The Induction of Growth Promoting and Calcifying Properties in a Ration by Exposure to Light. Science (1979), 60, 224–225 (1924).
Steenbock, H. & Black, A. Fat-Soluble Vitamins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 61, 405–422 (1924).
Rosenheim, O. & Webster, T. A. The specificity of ergosterol as parent substance of vitamin D. Biochemical Journal, 22, 762–766 (1928).
Rosenheim, O. & Webster, T. A. The biological inertness of irradiated mycosterols other than ergosterol. Biochemical Journal, 22, 1426–1428 (1928).
Bond, C. J. On Irradiated Ergosterol as a Dressing For Wounds. BMJ, 1, 339–340 (1928).
Cowell, S. J. The Antirachitic Action of Irradiated Ergosterol in Children and Adolescents. BMJ, 2, 5–7 (1928).
Windaus, A., Schenck, Fr. & Werder, F. T. Über das antirachitisch wirksame Bestrahlungsprodukt ans 7-Dehydro-cholesterin. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem, 241, 100–103 (1936).
Wolf, G. The Discovery of Vitamin D: The Contribution of Adolf Windaus. J Nutr, 134, 1299–1302 (2004).
Chung, M. et al. Vitamin D and calcium: a systematic review of health outcomes. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 1–420 (2009).
Solnier, J. et al. A Comparison and Safety Evaluation of Micellar versus Standard Vitamin D3 Oral Supplementation in a Randomized, Double-Blind Human Pilot Study. Nutrients, 16, 1573 (2024).
Vestergaard, A. L. et al. Effects of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Placental Vitamin D Metabolism and Neonatal Vitamin D Status. Nutrients, 16, 2145 (2024).
Fogacci, F. et al. Effect of Supplementation of a Butyrate-Based Formula in Individuals with Liver Steatosis and Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients, 16, 2454 (2024).
Riccio, P. Vitamin D, the Sunshine Molecule That Makes Us Strong: What Does Its Current Global Deficiency Imply? Nutrients, 16, 2015 (2024).
Jones, G. The discovery and synthesis of the nutritional factor vitamin D. Int J Paleopathol, 23, 96–99 (2018).
Christakos, S., Dhawan, P., Verstuyf, A., et al. Vitamin D: Metabolism, Molecular Mechanism of Action, and Pleiotropic Effects. Physiol Rev, 96, 365–408 (2016).
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. National Academies Press, 1, Washington, D.C., 2011.
Ginde, A. A., Liu, M. C. & Camargo, C. A. Demographic Differences and Trends of Vitamin D Insufficiency in the US Population, 1988-2004. Arch Intern Med, 169, 626 (2009).
Mithal, A. et al. Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporosis International, 20, 1807–1820 (2009).
Heaney, R. P., Davies, K. M., Chen, T. C., et al. Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol. Am J Clin Nutr, 77, 204–210 (2003).
Holick, M. F. The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: Approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 18, 153–165 (2017).
Holick, M. F. et al. Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 96, 1911–1930 (2011).
Holick MF et al. Errata. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 96, 3908–3908 (2011).
Shah, V. P. et al. A Systematic Review Supporting the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines on Vitamin D. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 109, 1961–1974 (2024).
McCartney, C. R., McDonnell, M. E., Corrigan, et al. Vitamin D Insufficiency and Epistemic Humility: An Endocrine Society Guideline Communication. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 109, 1948–1954 (2024).
Marcinowska-Suchowierska, E., Kupisz-Urbańska, M., Łukaszkiewicz, et al. Vitamin D Toxicity–A Clinical Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 9, (2018).
Referanslar
Pfotenhauer, K. M. & Shubrook, J. H. Vitamin D Deficiency, Its Role in Health and Disease, and Current Supplementation Recommendations. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 117, 301–305 (2017).
Cashman, K. D. Vitamin D Deficiency: Defining, Prevalence, Causes, and Strategies of Addressing. Calcif Tissue Int, 106, 14–29 (2020).
Van Schoor, N. & Lips, P. Global Overview of Vitamin D Status. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 46, 845–870 (2017).
Cui, A. et al. Global and regional prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in population-based studies from 2000 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 7.9 million participants. Front Nutr, 10, (2023).
Hekimoğlu, B., Erin, R. & Yılmaz, H. K. Comparison of cord blood and 6‐month‐old vitamin D levels of healthy term infants supplemented with 400 IU/day dose of vitamin D. Eur J Clin Nutr, 77, 182–188 (2023).
Yildiz, Z., Hürmeydan, Ö., Madenci, et al. Age, gender and season dependent 25(OH)D levels in children and adults living in Istanbul. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry, 45, 533–541 (2020).
Çubukçu, M., Acı, R. & Müderrisoğlu, S. Evaluation of Vitamin D Levels According to Age, Sex and Seasonal Characteristics in Samsun. Ankara Medical Journal, 19-4, 769–775 (2019) doi:10.17098/amj.652002.
Bozkurt, S. Age, Sex, and Seasonal Variations in the Serum Vitamin D3 Levels in a Local Turkish Population. Arch Rheumatol, 29, 14–19 (2014).
Sezgin, G., Ozturk, G., Turkal, et al. Vitamin D levels of outpatients admitted to a university hospital in the marmara region of Turkey over 3 years. J Med Biochem, 38, 181–187 (2019).
Göktaş, O., Ersoy, C., Ercan, I., et al. Vitamin D status in the adult population of Bursa-Turkey. European Journal of General Practice, 26, 156–162 (2020).
Macdonald, H. M. Contributions of Sunlight and Diet to Vitamin D Status. Calcif Tissue Int, 92, 163–176 (2013).
Cone, T. E. A Rachitic Infant Painted by Burgkmair 136 Years before Dr. Whistler Described Rickets. Clin Pediatr (Phila), 19, 194–194 (1980).
Hawgood, B. J. Sir Edward Mellanby (1884–1955) GBE KCB FRCP FRS: Nutrition Scientist and Medical Research Mandarin. J Med Biogr, 18, 150–157 (2010).
Rafter, G. W. Elmer McCollum and the Disappearance of Rickets. Perspect Biol Med, 30, 527–534 (1987).
Steenbock, H. The Induction of Growth Promoting and Calcifying Properties in a Ration by Exposure to Light. Science (1979), 60, 224–225 (1924).
Steenbock, H. & Black, A. Fat-Soluble Vitamins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 61, 405–422 (1924).
Rosenheim, O. & Webster, T. A. The specificity of ergosterol as parent substance of vitamin D. Biochemical Journal, 22, 762–766 (1928).
Rosenheim, O. & Webster, T. A. The biological inertness of irradiated mycosterols other than ergosterol. Biochemical Journal, 22, 1426–1428 (1928).
Bond, C. J. On Irradiated Ergosterol as a Dressing For Wounds. BMJ, 1, 339–340 (1928).
Cowell, S. J. The Antirachitic Action of Irradiated Ergosterol in Children and Adolescents. BMJ, 2, 5–7 (1928).
Windaus, A., Schenck, Fr. & Werder, F. T. Über das antirachitisch wirksame Bestrahlungsprodukt ans 7-Dehydro-cholesterin. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem, 241, 100–103 (1936).
Wolf, G. The Discovery of Vitamin D: The Contribution of Adolf Windaus. J Nutr, 134, 1299–1302 (2004).
Chung, M. et al. Vitamin D and calcium: a systematic review of health outcomes. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 1–420 (2009).
Solnier, J. et al. A Comparison and Safety Evaluation of Micellar versus Standard Vitamin D3 Oral Supplementation in a Randomized, Double-Blind Human Pilot Study. Nutrients, 16, 1573 (2024).
Vestergaard, A. L. et al. Effects of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Placental Vitamin D Metabolism and Neonatal Vitamin D Status. Nutrients, 16, 2145 (2024).
Fogacci, F. et al. Effect of Supplementation of a Butyrate-Based Formula in Individuals with Liver Steatosis and Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients, 16, 2454 (2024).
Riccio, P. Vitamin D, the Sunshine Molecule That Makes Us Strong: What Does Its Current Global Deficiency Imply? Nutrients, 16, 2015 (2024).
Jones, G. The discovery and synthesis of the nutritional factor vitamin D. Int J Paleopathol, 23, 96–99 (2018).
Christakos, S., Dhawan, P., Verstuyf, A., et al. Vitamin D: Metabolism, Molecular Mechanism of Action, and Pleiotropic Effects. Physiol Rev, 96, 365–408 (2016).
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. National Academies Press, 1, Washington, D.C., 2011.
Ginde, A. A., Liu, M. C. & Camargo, C. A. Demographic Differences and Trends of Vitamin D Insufficiency in the US Population, 1988-2004. Arch Intern Med, 169, 626 (2009).
Mithal, A. et al. Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporosis International, 20, 1807–1820 (2009).
Heaney, R. P., Davies, K. M., Chen, T. C., et al. Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol. Am J Clin Nutr, 77, 204–210 (2003).
Holick, M. F. The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: Approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 18, 153–165 (2017).
Holick, M. F. et al. Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 96, 1911–1930 (2011).
Holick MF et al. Errata. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 96, 3908–3908 (2011).
Shah, V. P. et al. A Systematic Review Supporting the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines on Vitamin D. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 109, 1961–1974 (2024).
McCartney, C. R., McDonnell, M. E., Corrigan, et al. Vitamin D Insufficiency and Epistemic Humility: An Endocrine Society Guideline Communication. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 109, 1948–1954 (2024).
Marcinowska-Suchowierska, E., Kupisz-Urbańska, M., Łukaszkiewicz, et al. Vitamin D Toxicity–A Clinical Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 9, (2018).
