Erken Çocukluk Çağı Çürükleri
Özet
Erken çocukluk çağı çürükleri (EÇÇ) çocuklarda yaygın olan, çoğunlukla tedavi edilmeyen ve bireyin çevresine bağlı biyolojik, davranışsal ve psikososyal faktörler tarafından belirlenen çok faktörlü dinamik bir hastalıktır. EÇÇ çocuklarda ağrı, enfeksiyon ve beraberinde getirdiği sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Bu sorunların erken dönemde tedavi edilmemesi; çocuklarda daha karmaşık tedavi süreçleri, yoğun korku ve diş hekimliğine yönelik olumsuz bir psikolojik yaklaşım gelişmesine neden olabilir. EÇÇ’nin nedenlerini ve önlenebilir olduğunu anlamak ve buna göre planlama yapmak çok önemlidir. Diş hekimliğinde EÇÇ’den korunmada temel (primordial), birincil (primer), ikincil (sekonder), üçüncül (tersiyer) koruma olmak üzere dört çeşit koruma yaklaşımı bulunmaktadır. Bu koruma yaklaşımları ile prenatal dönemden başlanarak erken teşhis ve tedavi yöntemleri ile toplumda optimum ağız ve diş sağlığının oluşturulması hedeflenmektedir. Hekimler ilk olarak primer koruma adımlarındaki önerileri çocuğun ihtiyaçlarına göre titizlikle takip etmelidir. Hastalığın önlenmesi mümkün olmadığında ise minimal invaziv yaklaşım yönergeleri takip edilerek çocuğun tedavisi yapılmalıdır.
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a dynamic multifactorial disease that is common in children, mostly untreated, and determined by biological, behavioral, and psychosocial factors related to the individual's environment. ECC causes pain, infection, and related problems in children. Failure to treat these problems early can lead to more complex treatment processes, intense fear, and the development of a negative psychological approach to dentistry in children. It is crucial to understand the causes of ECC and its preventability, and to plan accordingly. In dentistry, there are four types of preventive approaches to protect against ECC: primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. These preventive approaches aim to establish optimal oral health in the community through early diagnosis and treatment methods, starting from the prenatal period. Dentists should first carefully follow the recommendations in the primary prevention steps according to the child's needs. If the disease cannot be prevented, the child should be treated following minimal invasive approach guidelines.
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Referanslar
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Congiu G, Campus G, Lugliè PF. Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence and background factors: a review. Oral Health and Preventive Dentisry. 2014;12(1):71-6.doi:10.3290/j.ohpd.a31216
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Vachirarojpisan T, Shinada K, Kawaguchi Y, et al. Early childhood caries in children aged 6-19 months. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 2004;32(2):133-42. doi: 10.1111/j.0301-5661.2004.00145.x
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