3D Yazıcıların Pedodontideki Yeri
Özet
Teknolojik gelişmeler hızla ilerlemekte ve üretim, sağlık sektörü, sanayi gibi alanlara entegre edilmektedir. Diş hekimliğinde yaygın biçimde kullanılmaya başlayan 3D yazıcılar kişisel olarak oluşturulan ya da herhangi bir yerden hazır olarak bulunan üç boyutlu modelin, katı bir şekilde 3D yazıcıdan çıktısının alındığı teknolojik işlemdir. Bu üretim biçimi pedodonti, protetik diş tedavisi, ortodonti, cerrahi, oral radyoloji, restoratif diş tedavisi gibi diş hekimliğinin faklı uzmanlık alanlarında yeni tedavi ve tanı yöntemleri geliştirilmesine ve uygulanmasına katkıda bulunmuştur. Pedodontide 3D yazıcılar; preklinik eğitimi, yer tutucu ve aparey yapımı, çocuk protezi yapımı gibi alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. Mevcut bilgi ve birikimler gelişmekte olan teknolojiyle entegre edildiğinde diş hekimlerine doğru ve etkili tedavi biçimlerini daha rahat uygulayabilme; hastalara ise farklı tedavi seçeneklerine sahip olma ve uygulan tedaviden alacakları memnuniyet oranını arttırabilme imkanını sağlayacaktır.
Technological advancements are progressing rapidly and are being integrated into fields such as production, healthcare, and industry. 3D printers, which have become widely used in dentistry, are a technological process in which a three-dimensional model, either custom-made or obtained from any source, is printed as a solid object. This production method has contributed to the development and application of new treatment and diagnostic methods in various dental specialties, such as pediatric dentistry, prosthetic dentistry, orthodontics, surgery, oral radiology, and restorative dentistry. In pediatric dentistry, 3D printers are used in areas such as preclinical education, space maintainer and appliance fabrication, and the creation of pediatric prosthetics. When existing knowledge and experience are integrated with developing technology, it provides dentists with the ability to apply correct and effective treatment methods more easily, while offering patients a wider range of treatment options and increasing their satisfaction with the treatment received.
Referanslar
Aydın L, Küçük S. Üç boyutlu yazıcı-tarayıcı ile hastaya özel medikal ortez tasarımı ve geliştirilmesi. Journal of Polytechnic, 2017;20 (1): 1-8.
Aral M., Keskin Y. Diş Hekimliğinde 3 Boyutlu - Eklemeli Üretim: Derleme. Uluslararası Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi 2024; 10(1): 01-11.
Özsoylu AF. Endüstri 4.0. Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 2017; 21(1): 41-64.
Raicu L, Marin D. Design aspects in machine tools evolution. Journal of Proceedings of The International Conference on Manufacturing Systems; 2008; 3: 59-64.
Duret F, Preston JD. CAD/CAM imaging in dentistry. Current Opinion in Dentistry 1991; 1: 150-154.
Lindner A, Rasse M, Wolf HP, Millesi W, Eglmeier R, Friede I. Indications and use of stereolithographic skull reconstructions in oromaxillofacial surgery. Der Radiologe 1995; 35(9): 578-582.
Gross BC, Erkal JL, Lockwood SY, Chen C, Spence DM. Evaluation of 3D printing and its potential impact on biotechnology and the chemical sciences. Anal Chem 2014; 86(7): 3240-3253.
Van Noort R. The future of dental devices is digital. Dental Materials 2012; 28(1): 3-12.
Özsürmeli H. Dijital Kayıt ve Konvansiyonel Ölçü Yöntemleri ile Üretilen Restorasyonların Marginal ve İnternal Uyumlarının İn Vitro Olarak İncelenmesi, Doktora tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü;2019.
Şen N. Farklı dijital ölçü sistemlerinin dental implantın ölçü netliğine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi, Ege Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Dergisi 2020;41(2): 77-82.
Çağlar İ, Yeşil Duymuş Z, Ateş S. Diş hekimliğinde kullanılan ölçü sistemlerinde dijital teknoloji: Dijital ölçü, Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2015; 135-140 .
Lecocq G. Digital impression-taking: Fundamentals and benefits in orthodontics, International Orthodontics, 2016;14(2): 184-194.
Astm ISO. Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing-General Principles-Terminology. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015; 3(4): 5.
Gonzales DS, Alvarez AG. Additive Manufacturing Feasibility Study&Technology Demonstration, Spain, EDA AM State of the Art&Strategic Report, 2018;June.
Yavuz E, Yılmaz S. Diş Hekimliğinde Yeni ve Hızla İlerleyen Üretim Teknolojisi: 3 Boyutlu Yazıcılar. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi 2021; 7(2): 197-205.
Jamie D. 3D Printing vs CNC Machining: Which is Best for Prototyping. Accessed: Dec. 14, 2019. Available: https://www.3dnatives.com/en/3d-printing-vs-cnc-160320184/.
Ford S, Despeisse M. The Role of Additive Manufacturing in Improving Resource Efficiency and Sustainability, International Conference on Advances in Production Management Sytems, IFIP; 2015. Tokyo, Japan.
Jasiuk I, Abueidda DW, Kozuch C, Pang S, Su FY, McKittrick J. An overview on additive manufacturing of polymers. The Journal of The Minerals 2018; 70(3): 275- 283.
Huang SH, Liu P, Mokasdar A, Hou L. Additive manufacturing and its societal impact: a literature review. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2013; 67(5-8): 1191-1203.
Gibson I, Rosen D, Stucker B. Development of Additive Manufacturing Technology, in Additive Manufacturing Technologies, 3D printing, rapid prototyping, and direct digital manufacturing, 2nd ed., USA: Springer, New York, 2015;19-41.
Türk AG, Çömlekoğlu MD, Çömlekoğlu ME. Eklemeli Bilgisayar Destekli Üretim Yöntemleri. Ege Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2022; 85-94.
Schweiger J, Edelhoff D, Güth JF. 3D Printing in Digital Prosthetic Dentistry: An Overview of Recent Developments in Additive Manufacturing. J Clin Med 2021; 7: 1-24.
Gebisa AW, Lemu HG. Investigating Effects of Fused-Deposition Modelling (FDM) Processing Parameters on Flexural Properties of ULTEM 9085 Using Designed Experiment, Materials, 2018;11(500):1-23.
Çelik K., Özkan A. Eklemeli İmalat Yöntemleri ile Üretim ve Onarım Uygulamaları, Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 2017;5 (1):107-121.
Özsoy K, Duman B. Eklemeli İmalat (3 Boyutlu Baskı) Teknolojilerinin Eğitimde Kullanılabilirliği, International Journal of 3D printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 2017;1(1) : 36-48.
Özer G. Eklemeli üretim teknolojileri üzerine bir derleme. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 2020;9(1):606-621.
Vaezi M, Seitz H, Yang SA. Review on 3D Micro-Additive Manufacturing Technologies, International Journal of Advanced Manfacturing Technologies,2013; 67: 1721-1754.
Taminger KM, Hafley RA. Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication for Cost Effective Near-Net Shape Manufacturing, NATO, AVT-139. 2006; EBF3 for Cost Effective Manufacture via Net Shape Processing.
Murr LE, Gaytan S M, Ramizrez DA, Martinez E, Hernandez J, Amato K N, Shindo PW, Medina FR, Wicker RB. Metal Fabricaiton by Additive Manufacturing Using Laser and Electron Beam Melting Technologies, Journal of Materials Science and Technologies, 2012;28: 1-14.
Methani MM, Cesar PF, De Paula Miranda RB, Morimoto S, Özcan M, Revilla-León M. Additive Manufacturing in Dentistry: Current Technologies, Clinical Applications, and Limitations. Curr Oral Health Rep 2020; 7: 327-334.
Ngo TD, Kashani A, Imbalzino G, Nguyen KTQ, Hui D. Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing): A Review of Materials, Methods, Applications and Challenges, Composites Part B, 2018;143:172-196.
Aydın N, Kaya İ, Hüsemoğlu RB, Arslantaş A. Torakal vertebra görüntülemesinde simülasyon ve üç boyutlu modellemenin radyolojik tanı ve cerrahi öncesi planlama üzerinde etkileri. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi 2017; 39(3): 58-61.
Hanasono MM, Skoracki RJ. 117B: Improving the speed and accuracy of mandibular reconstruction using preoperative virtual planning and rapid prototype modeling. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 125(6): 80.
Liu YF, Xu LW, Zhu HY, Liu SSY. Technical procedures for template-guided surgery for mandibular reconstruction based on digital design and manufacturing. Biomedical Engineering Online 2014; 13(1): 63.
AbouHashem Y, Dayal M, Savanah S, Štrkalj G. The application of 3D printing in anatomy education. Medical Education Online 2015; 20(1): 29847.
Vaccarezza M, Papa V. 3D printing: A valuable resource in human anatomy education. Anatomical Science International 2015; 90(1): 64-65.
Cantín M, Muñoz M, Olate S. Generation of 3D tooth models based on three-dimensional scanning to study the morphology of permanent teeth. International Journal of Morphology 2015; 33(2): 782-7.
Mitsouras D, Liacouras P, Imanzadeh A, Giannopoulos AA, Cai T, Kumamaru KK, Ho VB. Medical 3D printing for the radiologist. Radiographics 2015; 35(7): 1965-1988.
Chen H, Yang X, Chen L, Wang Y, Sun Y. Application of FDM three-dimensional printing technology in the digital manufacture of custom edentulous mandible trays. Scientific Reports 2016; 6: 19207.
Dovramadjiev T, Pavlova D, Bankova A. Creating a 3D model of dental splint for bruxism. Industry 4.0 2019; 4(4): 167-170.
Özay M, Sarıdağ S. Diş Hekimliğinde Fotopolimerizasyon ile 3 Boyutlu Üretim Yöntemleri ve Kullanım Alanları. Selcuk Dental Journal,2023; 10(2), 479-485.
Rheude B, Lionel S, Ferriera A, Jacobson A. An evaluation of the use of digital study models in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Angle Orthod 2005; 75(3): 300-304.
Deniz Ö. Çocuk Diş Hekimliğinde Sanal ve Arttırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulamaları.Bitirme Tezi,İstanbul:İstanbul Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi;2022.
Özsaygılı M. Tek aşamalı ve üç aşamalı uygulanan farklı ortodontik şeffaf plak tekniklerinin hasta konforu, memnuniyeti, tedavi etkileri ve süresi açısından değerlendirilmesi, Uzmanlık Tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi;2019.
Gülbahçe EK., Berber EŞ, Yetkiner AA. Pedodontide Dijital Diş Hekimliği Uygulamaları. Ege Üniversitesi Dis Hekimligi Fakültesi Dergisi 2022;043:55-60.
Kfir A, Telishevsky SY, Leitner A, Metzger Z. The diagnosis and conservative treatment of a complex type 3 dens invaginatus using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D plastic models. Int Endod J 2013;46(3):275-88.
Thereza-Bussolaro C, Lagravere M, Pacheco-Pereira C, Flores-Mir C. Development, validation and application of a 3D printed model depicting adenoid hypertrophy in comparison to a Nasoendoscopy. Head Face Med 2020;16(1):1-8.
Byun C, Kim C, Cho S, Baek SH, Kim G, Kim SG, Kim SY. Endodontic treatment of an anomalous anterior tooth with the aid of a 3-dimensional printed physical tooth model. J Endod 2015;41(6):961-5.
Zehnder MS, Connert T, Weiger R, Krastl G, Kühl S. Guided endodontics: accuracy of a novel method for guided access cavity preparation and root canal location. Int Endod J 2016;49(10):966-72.
Kuhl S, Payer M, Zitzmann NU, Lambrecht JT, Filippi A. Technical Accuracy of Printed Surgical Templates for Guided Implant Surgery with the co Diagnostic X TM Software. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2015;17:177-82.
Al-Rimawi A, EzEldeen M, Schneider D, Politis C, Jacobs R. 3D printed temporary veneer restoring auto-transplanted teeth in children: design and concept validation ex vivo. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019;16(3):496.
Zhang J, Yang Y, Han X, Lan T, Bi F, Qiao X, Guo W. The application of a new clear removable appliance with an occlusal splint in early anterior crossbite. BMC oral health 2021;21(1):1-1.
Habib AAI, Sheikh NA. 3D printing review in numerous applications for dentistry.2022 Feb 12;1– 10.
Lee AY, Patel NA, Kurtz K, Edelman M, Koral K, Kamdar D, Goldstein T. The use of 3D printing in shared decision making for a juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma in a pediatric patient. Am. J. Otolaryngol 2019;40(5):779-82.
Dong Z, Li Q, Bai S, Zhang L. Application of 3-dimensional printing technology to Kirschner wire fixation of adolescent condyle fracture. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2015;73(10):1970-6.
Chakravarthy C, Gupta NC, Patil R. A Simplified Digital Workflow for the Treatment of Pediatric Mandibular Fractures Using Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Cap Splint: A Case Report. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2019;3(1): 0039.
Referanslar
Aydın L, Küçük S. Üç boyutlu yazıcı-tarayıcı ile hastaya özel medikal ortez tasarımı ve geliştirilmesi. Journal of Polytechnic, 2017;20 (1): 1-8.
Aral M., Keskin Y. Diş Hekimliğinde 3 Boyutlu - Eklemeli Üretim: Derleme. Uluslararası Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi 2024; 10(1): 01-11.
Özsoylu AF. Endüstri 4.0. Çukurova Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 2017; 21(1): 41-64.
Raicu L, Marin D. Design aspects in machine tools evolution. Journal of Proceedings of The International Conference on Manufacturing Systems; 2008; 3: 59-64.
Duret F, Preston JD. CAD/CAM imaging in dentistry. Current Opinion in Dentistry 1991; 1: 150-154.
Lindner A, Rasse M, Wolf HP, Millesi W, Eglmeier R, Friede I. Indications and use of stereolithographic skull reconstructions in oromaxillofacial surgery. Der Radiologe 1995; 35(9): 578-582.
Gross BC, Erkal JL, Lockwood SY, Chen C, Spence DM. Evaluation of 3D printing and its potential impact on biotechnology and the chemical sciences. Anal Chem 2014; 86(7): 3240-3253.
Van Noort R. The future of dental devices is digital. Dental Materials 2012; 28(1): 3-12.
Özsürmeli H. Dijital Kayıt ve Konvansiyonel Ölçü Yöntemleri ile Üretilen Restorasyonların Marginal ve İnternal Uyumlarının İn Vitro Olarak İncelenmesi, Doktora tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü;2019.
Şen N. Farklı dijital ölçü sistemlerinin dental implantın ölçü netliğine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi, Ege Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Dergisi 2020;41(2): 77-82.
Çağlar İ, Yeşil Duymuş Z, Ateş S. Diş hekimliğinde kullanılan ölçü sistemlerinde dijital teknoloji: Dijital ölçü, Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2015; 135-140 .
Lecocq G. Digital impression-taking: Fundamentals and benefits in orthodontics, International Orthodontics, 2016;14(2): 184-194.
Astm ISO. Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing-General Principles-Terminology. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015; 3(4): 5.
Gonzales DS, Alvarez AG. Additive Manufacturing Feasibility Study&Technology Demonstration, Spain, EDA AM State of the Art&Strategic Report, 2018;June.
Yavuz E, Yılmaz S. Diş Hekimliğinde Yeni ve Hızla İlerleyen Üretim Teknolojisi: 3 Boyutlu Yazıcılar. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi 2021; 7(2): 197-205.
Jamie D. 3D Printing vs CNC Machining: Which is Best for Prototyping. Accessed: Dec. 14, 2019. Available: https://www.3dnatives.com/en/3d-printing-vs-cnc-160320184/.
Ford S, Despeisse M. The Role of Additive Manufacturing in Improving Resource Efficiency and Sustainability, International Conference on Advances in Production Management Sytems, IFIP; 2015. Tokyo, Japan.
Jasiuk I, Abueidda DW, Kozuch C, Pang S, Su FY, McKittrick J. An overview on additive manufacturing of polymers. The Journal of The Minerals 2018; 70(3): 275- 283.
Huang SH, Liu P, Mokasdar A, Hou L. Additive manufacturing and its societal impact: a literature review. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2013; 67(5-8): 1191-1203.
Gibson I, Rosen D, Stucker B. Development of Additive Manufacturing Technology, in Additive Manufacturing Technologies, 3D printing, rapid prototyping, and direct digital manufacturing, 2nd ed., USA: Springer, New York, 2015;19-41.
Türk AG, Çömlekoğlu MD, Çömlekoğlu ME. Eklemeli Bilgisayar Destekli Üretim Yöntemleri. Ege Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2022; 85-94.
Schweiger J, Edelhoff D, Güth JF. 3D Printing in Digital Prosthetic Dentistry: An Overview of Recent Developments in Additive Manufacturing. J Clin Med 2021; 7: 1-24.
Gebisa AW, Lemu HG. Investigating Effects of Fused-Deposition Modelling (FDM) Processing Parameters on Flexural Properties of ULTEM 9085 Using Designed Experiment, Materials, 2018;11(500):1-23.
Çelik K., Özkan A. Eklemeli İmalat Yöntemleri ile Üretim ve Onarım Uygulamaları, Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 2017;5 (1):107-121.
Özsoy K, Duman B. Eklemeli İmalat (3 Boyutlu Baskı) Teknolojilerinin Eğitimde Kullanılabilirliği, International Journal of 3D printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 2017;1(1) : 36-48.
Özer G. Eklemeli üretim teknolojileri üzerine bir derleme. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 2020;9(1):606-621.
Vaezi M, Seitz H, Yang SA. Review on 3D Micro-Additive Manufacturing Technologies, International Journal of Advanced Manfacturing Technologies,2013; 67: 1721-1754.
Taminger KM, Hafley RA. Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication for Cost Effective Near-Net Shape Manufacturing, NATO, AVT-139. 2006; EBF3 for Cost Effective Manufacture via Net Shape Processing.
Murr LE, Gaytan S M, Ramizrez DA, Martinez E, Hernandez J, Amato K N, Shindo PW, Medina FR, Wicker RB. Metal Fabricaiton by Additive Manufacturing Using Laser and Electron Beam Melting Technologies, Journal of Materials Science and Technologies, 2012;28: 1-14.
Methani MM, Cesar PF, De Paula Miranda RB, Morimoto S, Özcan M, Revilla-León M. Additive Manufacturing in Dentistry: Current Technologies, Clinical Applications, and Limitations. Curr Oral Health Rep 2020; 7: 327-334.
Ngo TD, Kashani A, Imbalzino G, Nguyen KTQ, Hui D. Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing): A Review of Materials, Methods, Applications and Challenges, Composites Part B, 2018;143:172-196.
Aydın N, Kaya İ, Hüsemoğlu RB, Arslantaş A. Torakal vertebra görüntülemesinde simülasyon ve üç boyutlu modellemenin radyolojik tanı ve cerrahi öncesi planlama üzerinde etkileri. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi 2017; 39(3): 58-61.
Hanasono MM, Skoracki RJ. 117B: Improving the speed and accuracy of mandibular reconstruction using preoperative virtual planning and rapid prototype modeling. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 125(6): 80.
Liu YF, Xu LW, Zhu HY, Liu SSY. Technical procedures for template-guided surgery for mandibular reconstruction based on digital design and manufacturing. Biomedical Engineering Online 2014; 13(1): 63.
AbouHashem Y, Dayal M, Savanah S, Štrkalj G. The application of 3D printing in anatomy education. Medical Education Online 2015; 20(1): 29847.
Vaccarezza M, Papa V. 3D printing: A valuable resource in human anatomy education. Anatomical Science International 2015; 90(1): 64-65.
Cantín M, Muñoz M, Olate S. Generation of 3D tooth models based on three-dimensional scanning to study the morphology of permanent teeth. International Journal of Morphology 2015; 33(2): 782-7.
Mitsouras D, Liacouras P, Imanzadeh A, Giannopoulos AA, Cai T, Kumamaru KK, Ho VB. Medical 3D printing for the radiologist. Radiographics 2015; 35(7): 1965-1988.
Chen H, Yang X, Chen L, Wang Y, Sun Y. Application of FDM three-dimensional printing technology in the digital manufacture of custom edentulous mandible trays. Scientific Reports 2016; 6: 19207.
Dovramadjiev T, Pavlova D, Bankova A. Creating a 3D model of dental splint for bruxism. Industry 4.0 2019; 4(4): 167-170.
Özay M, Sarıdağ S. Diş Hekimliğinde Fotopolimerizasyon ile 3 Boyutlu Üretim Yöntemleri ve Kullanım Alanları. Selcuk Dental Journal,2023; 10(2), 479-485.
Rheude B, Lionel S, Ferriera A, Jacobson A. An evaluation of the use of digital study models in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Angle Orthod 2005; 75(3): 300-304.
Deniz Ö. Çocuk Diş Hekimliğinde Sanal ve Arttırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulamaları.Bitirme Tezi,İstanbul:İstanbul Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi;2022.
Özsaygılı M. Tek aşamalı ve üç aşamalı uygulanan farklı ortodontik şeffaf plak tekniklerinin hasta konforu, memnuniyeti, tedavi etkileri ve süresi açısından değerlendirilmesi, Uzmanlık Tezi, Erciyes Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi;2019.
Gülbahçe EK., Berber EŞ, Yetkiner AA. Pedodontide Dijital Diş Hekimliği Uygulamaları. Ege Üniversitesi Dis Hekimligi Fakültesi Dergisi 2022;043:55-60.
Kfir A, Telishevsky SY, Leitner A, Metzger Z. The diagnosis and conservative treatment of a complex type 3 dens invaginatus using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D plastic models. Int Endod J 2013;46(3):275-88.
Thereza-Bussolaro C, Lagravere M, Pacheco-Pereira C, Flores-Mir C. Development, validation and application of a 3D printed model depicting adenoid hypertrophy in comparison to a Nasoendoscopy. Head Face Med 2020;16(1):1-8.
Byun C, Kim C, Cho S, Baek SH, Kim G, Kim SG, Kim SY. Endodontic treatment of an anomalous anterior tooth with the aid of a 3-dimensional printed physical tooth model. J Endod 2015;41(6):961-5.
Zehnder MS, Connert T, Weiger R, Krastl G, Kühl S. Guided endodontics: accuracy of a novel method for guided access cavity preparation and root canal location. Int Endod J 2016;49(10):966-72.
Kuhl S, Payer M, Zitzmann NU, Lambrecht JT, Filippi A. Technical Accuracy of Printed Surgical Templates for Guided Implant Surgery with the co Diagnostic X TM Software. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2015;17:177-82.
Al-Rimawi A, EzEldeen M, Schneider D, Politis C, Jacobs R. 3D printed temporary veneer restoring auto-transplanted teeth in children: design and concept validation ex vivo. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019;16(3):496.
Zhang J, Yang Y, Han X, Lan T, Bi F, Qiao X, Guo W. The application of a new clear removable appliance with an occlusal splint in early anterior crossbite. BMC oral health 2021;21(1):1-1.
Habib AAI, Sheikh NA. 3D printing review in numerous applications for dentistry.2022 Feb 12;1– 10.
Lee AY, Patel NA, Kurtz K, Edelman M, Koral K, Kamdar D, Goldstein T. The use of 3D printing in shared decision making for a juvenile aggressive ossifying fibroma in a pediatric patient. Am. J. Otolaryngol 2019;40(5):779-82.
Dong Z, Li Q, Bai S, Zhang L. Application of 3-dimensional printing technology to Kirschner wire fixation of adolescent condyle fracture. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2015;73(10):1970-6.
Chakravarthy C, Gupta NC, Patil R. A Simplified Digital Workflow for the Treatment of Pediatric Mandibular Fractures Using Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Cap Splint: A Case Report. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2019;3(1): 0039.
