Engelli Çocukların Annelerinin Psikolojik İyileşme Yolculuğuna Sanatın Katkısı
Özet
Bu bölümde engelli çocuğu olan annelerin yaşadığı sorunların çözümünde sanat terapisi yöntemlerine hayatlarında nasıl yer verdikleri, hangi yöntemlerden nasıl yarar sağladıkları genel bakış açısıyla aktarılmıştır. Engelli çocuğu olan ebeveynler ve doğal olarak bakım verici rolündeki annenin ebeveynlik stresinin yüksek olmasının ve psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin düşük olmasının sebeplerinden bahsedilirken, bu sorunların sanat terapisi yöntemleriyle ile nasıl çözüleceği yapılan araştırmalarla örneklendirilerek anlatılmıştır.
Referanslar
Adalı, Y. B., Özcan, A. & Scherler, H. R. (2019). Dışavurumcu sanat terapisiyle sanat ve yaşam arasında kurulan köprüler, Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyonunda Yaratıcı Sanat Psikoterapileri. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Turkiye Klinikleri, 12–20.
American Art Therapy Associaton (AATA). (2019). About art therapy. https://arttherapy.org/About-Art-Therapy/
Attard, A. & Larkin, M. (2016). Art therapy for people with psychosis: A narrative review of the literature. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(11), 1067- 1078. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30146-8
Ayyıldız, T., Şener Konuk, D., Kulakçı, H. & Veren, F. (2012). Zihinsel engelli çocuğa sahip annelerin stresle baş etme yöntemlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi, 11(2), 1–12
Bilsin, E., & Başbakkal, Z. (2017). Investigation of the effect of level of family needs coverage that nursing care given to family with disabled children. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(1), 10-19.
Buchanan, D., Hargreaves, E., & Quick, L. (2023). Schools closed during the pandemic: Revelations about the well-being of 'lower-attaining' primary-school children. Education 3-13, 51(7), 1077 1090. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2022.2043405
Bujnowska, A.M., Rodríguez, C., García, T., Areces, D., & Marsh, N.V. (2021). Coping with stress in parents of children with developmental disabilities. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 21(3), 100254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100254
Canarslan, H. & Ahmetoğlu, E. (2015). Engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerin yaşam kalitesinin incelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), 13– 31.
Cantwell, J., Muldoon, O. T., & Gallagher, S. (2014). Social support and mastery influence the association between stress and poor physical health in parents caring for children with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(9), 2215–2223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.05.012
Clayborne, Z.M., Kingsbury, M., Sampasa-Kinyaga, H., Sikora, L., Lalande, K.M., & Colman, I. (2021). Parenting practices in childhood and depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms in adolescence: a systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56, 619 638.
Czamanski-Cohen, J., & Weihs, K. L. (2016). The body-mind model: A platform for studying the mechanisms of change induced by art therapy. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 51, 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2016.08.006
Dabrowska, A., & Pisula, E. (2010). Parenting stress and coping styles in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism and Down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54, 266–280.
Demir, G., Özcan, A., & Kızılırmak, A. (2010). Zihinsel engelli çocuğa sahip annelerin depresyon düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(4), 53–58.
Eren, N. (2015). Psikiyatride Bakım İçin Sanatın ve Sanat Terapisinin Yeri. Turkiye Klinikleri Psychiatric Nursing - Special Topics, 1(1), 95–104.
Gerstein, E., Crnic, K., Blacher, J., & Baker, B. (2009). Resilience and the course of daily parenting stress in families of young children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellect Disability Research, 53(12), 981–997. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2788.2009.01220.x
Gören, B. (2015). Down sendromlu çocuğa sahip annelerin destek ihtiyaçlarının ve destek kaynaklarının belirlenmesi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 651–673.
Hastings, R. P. (2002). Parental stress and behaviour problems of children with developmental disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 27(3), 149–160. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/1366825021000008657
Hoemann, K., Xu, F., & Barrett, L.F. (2019). Emotion words, emotion concepts, and emotional development in children: A constructionist hypothesis. Developmental Psychology, 55(9), 1830. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000686
Hoffman, C., Sweeney, D. P., Hodge, D., Lopez-Wagner, M. C., & Looney, L. (2009). Parenting stress and closeness: Mothers of typically developing children and mothers of children with Autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 24(3), 178–187.
İnce Ende, Z. & Tüfekci Güdücü, F. (2015). Engelli çocuğu olan ebeveynlerde evlilik uyumu ve yaşam doyumunun değerlendirilmesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 102–112.
Kaimal, G., Ray, K., & Muniz, J. (2016). Reduction of cortisol levels and participants’ responses following art making. Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy, 33 (2), 74–80.
Karahan, A. Y. & İslam, S. (2013). Fiziksel engelli çocuk ve yaşlı hastalara bakım verme yükü üzerine bir karşılaştırma çalışması. Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 1–7. Https://Doi.Org/10.5455/Musbed.20130210095507
Kaya Göktepe, A. (2015). Ruhunu İyileştir…Sanat Terapi. Nesil Basım Yayın, İstanbul.
Kayama, M., Haight, W., Ku, M. L. M., Cho, M. & Lee, H. Y. (2017). East Asian and US educators’ reflections on how stigmatization affects their relationships with parents whose children have disabilities: Challenges and solutions. Children and Youth Services Review, 73, 128–144. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Childyouth.2016.12.010
Khodabakhshi Koolaee, A., Vazifehdar, R., Bahari, F. & Akbari, M. Esmaeil. (2016). Impact of painting therapy on aggression and anxiety of children with cancer. Caspian Journal of Pediatrics, 2(2), 135–141.
Kırbaş, Z. Ö. & Özkan, H. (2013). Down sendromlu çocukların annelerinin aile işlevlerini algılama ve sosyal destek düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastanesi Dergisi, 3(3), 171–180. Https://Doi.Org/10.5222/Buchd.2013.171
Kim, S. K. (2013). A randomized, controlled study of the effects of art therapy on older Korean-Americans’ healthy aging. Arts in Psychotherapy, 40(1), 158–164. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Aip.2012.11.002
Kuşaklioğ, R., Çelik, O., & Eren, N. (2019). Yaşamdan kareler toplama : Fotoğraf terapinin işlevi. Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyonunda Yaratıcı Sanat Psikoterapileri, 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri, 34–38.
Lee, M. H., Park, C., Alicia, M. & Hsieh, K. (2017). Differences in physical health, and health behaviors between familiy caregivers of children with and without disabilities. Disability and Health Journal, 10, 565–570.
Lee, J. H. (2021). Effectiveness of group art therapy for mothers of children with disabilities. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 73, 101754.
Lee, S., & Peng, M. (2017). The effects of group art therapy on mothers of children with special educational needs. Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association, 34(1), 12–19.
Mcconnell, D., Savage, A., & Breitkreuz, R. (2014). Resilience in families raising children with disabilities and behavior problems. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(4), 833–848. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ridd.2014.01.015
Miodrag, N., & Hodapp, R. (2010). Chronic stress and health among parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 23(5), 407–411. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833a8796
Miranda, A., Mira, A., Berenguer, C., Rosello, B., & Baixauli, I. (2019). Parenting stress in mothers of children with autism without intellectual disability. Mediation of behavioral problems and coping strategies. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 437799.
Muir, K. & Strnadová, I. (2014). Whose responsibility? Resilience in Families of children with developmental disabilities. Disability and Society, 29(6), 922–937. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/09687599.2014.886555
Mutlu, H. S.& Kanat, S. (2019). Tıp eğitiminde farklı bir yaklaşım: Seramikle düşlemeler. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 42–54. Https://Doi.Org/10.17679/İnuefd.427615
Özsavran, M., & Ayyıldız, T. K. (2023). The effect of mandala art therapy on the comfort and resilience levels of mothers who have children with special needs: A randomized controlled study. Child: Care, Health and Development, 49(6), 1032-1045.
Parsıl, Ü., (2012): Sanatta Yaratıcılık, An Kitap, İstanbul.
Paster, A., Brandwein, D. & Walsh, J. (2009). A comparison of coping strategies used by parents of children with disabilities and parents of children without disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30, 1337–1342
Patterson, S., Debate, J., Anju, S., Waller, D. & Crawford, M. J. (2011). Provision and practice of art therapy for people with schizophrenia: Results of a national survey. Journal of Mental Health, 20(4), 328–335. Https://Doi.Org/10.3109/09638237.2011.556163
Peer, J. W. & Hillman, S. B. (2014). Stress and resilience for parents of children with ıntellectual and developmental disabilities: A review of key factors and recommendations for practitioners. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 11(2), 92–98. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Jppi.12072
Permatasari, AE, Marat, S., & Suparman, MY (2017). Application of art therapy to reduce depression in the elderly in Nursing Home X. Muara Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, 1(1), 116–126.
Philpott, L.F., Leahy-Warren, P., FitzGerald, S., & Savage, E. (2017). Stress in fathers in the perinatal period: systematic review. Midwifery, pp. 55, 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.09.016
Riley, S. (2001). Group pross made visible: Group art therapy. Philadelphia: PA: Brunner- Routledge.
Safe, A., Joosten, A., & Molineux, M. (2012). The experiences of mothers of children with autism: Managing multiple roles. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 37 (4), 294–302. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2012.736614
Sato, N., Araki, A., Ito, R. & Ishigaki, K. (2015). Exploring the beliefs of Japanese mothers caring for a child with disabilities. Journal of Family Nursing, 21(2), 232–260. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/1074840715586551
Sivrikaya, T. & Çifci Tekinarslan, İ. (2013). Zihinsel yetersizliği olan çocuğa sahip annelerde stres, sosyal destek ve aile yükü. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 14(2), 17–29.
Softa, H. K. (2013). Engelli Çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin depresyon düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 21(2), 589–600.
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Soysal Acar, Ş. & Coşkun Düzakın, S. (2017). Sanatla Terapi ve Yaratıcılık Bir Eğitim Modeli Olabilir Mi? 1. Baskı. Atlas Akademik Basım Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
Şahin, S., Uçar İşaret, S. & Eren, N. (2019). İyileşmede Bakım Veren Yükü ve Sanatla Sağaltımı. Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyonunda Yaratıcı Sanat Psikoterapileri. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri, 84–88.
Togay, A. & Güçray, S. (2017). Zihinsel yetersizliği olan bireylerin aileleri ve psikolojik danışma: bir derleme çalışması. HAYEF: Journal of Education, 15(1), 43–62. Https://Doi.Org/10.26650/Hayef.2018.15.1.0005
Tümlü, C. & Eraslan Çapan, B. (2018). Engelli çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin duygusal sağırlık ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Kalem Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(2), 493–518. Https://Doi.Org/10.23863/Kalem.2019.112
Vaartio-Rajalin, H., Santamäki-Fischer, R., Jokisalo, P., & Fagerström, L. (2021). Art making and expressive art therapy in adult health and nursing care: A scoping review. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 8(1), 102–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.09.011
World Health Organization. (2019). What is the evidence on the role of the arts in improving health and well-being? (Health Evidence Network Synthesis Report 64). Retrieved from. Copenhagen: World Health Organization (WHO) https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstrea m/handle/10665/329834/9789289054553-eng.pdf.
Çulhacik, G. D., Durat, G., & Eren, N. (2021). Effects of activity groups, in which art activities are used, on resilience and related factors in families with disabled children. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(1), 343-350.
Yildiz, A., Tarakci, D., Hajebrahimi, F. & Mutluay, F. (2016). Disabled children’s functionality and their mother’s quality of life and psychological status. Pediatrics International: Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society. 58(12), 1291- 1296. https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Ped.13020
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Referanslar
Adalı, Y. B., Özcan, A. & Scherler, H. R. (2019). Dışavurumcu sanat terapisiyle sanat ve yaşam arasında kurulan köprüler, Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyonunda Yaratıcı Sanat Psikoterapileri. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Turkiye Klinikleri, 12–20.
American Art Therapy Associaton (AATA). (2019). About art therapy. https://arttherapy.org/About-Art-Therapy/
Attard, A. & Larkin, M. (2016). Art therapy for people with psychosis: A narrative review of the literature. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(11), 1067- 1078. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30146-8
Ayyıldız, T., Şener Konuk, D., Kulakçı, H. & Veren, F. (2012). Zihinsel engelli çocuğa sahip annelerin stresle baş etme yöntemlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi, 11(2), 1–12
Bilsin, E., & Başbakkal, Z. (2017). Investigation of the effect of level of family needs coverage that nursing care given to family with disabled children. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(1), 10-19.
Buchanan, D., Hargreaves, E., & Quick, L. (2023). Schools closed during the pandemic: Revelations about the well-being of 'lower-attaining' primary-school children. Education 3-13, 51(7), 1077 1090. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2022.2043405
Bujnowska, A.M., Rodríguez, C., García, T., Areces, D., & Marsh, N.V. (2021). Coping with stress in parents of children with developmental disabilities. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 21(3), 100254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100254
Canarslan, H. & Ahmetoğlu, E. (2015). Engelli çocuğa sahip ailelerin yaşam kalitesinin incelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), 13– 31.
Cantwell, J., Muldoon, O. T., & Gallagher, S. (2014). Social support and mastery influence the association between stress and poor physical health in parents caring for children with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(9), 2215–2223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.05.012
Clayborne, Z.M., Kingsbury, M., Sampasa-Kinyaga, H., Sikora, L., Lalande, K.M., & Colman, I. (2021). Parenting practices in childhood and depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms in adolescence: a systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56, 619 638.
Czamanski-Cohen, J., & Weihs, K. L. (2016). The body-mind model: A platform for studying the mechanisms of change induced by art therapy. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 51, 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2016.08.006
Dabrowska, A., & Pisula, E. (2010). Parenting stress and coping styles in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism and Down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54, 266–280.
Demir, G., Özcan, A., & Kızılırmak, A. (2010). Zihinsel engelli çocuğa sahip annelerin depresyon düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(4), 53–58.
Eren, N. (2015). Psikiyatride Bakım İçin Sanatın ve Sanat Terapisinin Yeri. Turkiye Klinikleri Psychiatric Nursing - Special Topics, 1(1), 95–104.
Gerstein, E., Crnic, K., Blacher, J., & Baker, B. (2009). Resilience and the course of daily parenting stress in families of young children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellect Disability Research, 53(12), 981–997. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2788.2009.01220.x
Gören, B. (2015). Down sendromlu çocuğa sahip annelerin destek ihtiyaçlarının ve destek kaynaklarının belirlenmesi. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(3), 651–673.
Hastings, R. P. (2002). Parental stress and behaviour problems of children with developmental disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 27(3), 149–160. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/1366825021000008657
Hoemann, K., Xu, F., & Barrett, L.F. (2019). Emotion words, emotion concepts, and emotional development in children: A constructionist hypothesis. Developmental Psychology, 55(9), 1830. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000686
Hoffman, C., Sweeney, D. P., Hodge, D., Lopez-Wagner, M. C., & Looney, L. (2009). Parenting stress and closeness: Mothers of typically developing children and mothers of children with Autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 24(3), 178–187.
İnce Ende, Z. & Tüfekci Güdücü, F. (2015). Engelli çocuğu olan ebeveynlerde evlilik uyumu ve yaşam doyumunun değerlendirilmesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 102–112.
Kaimal, G., Ray, K., & Muniz, J. (2016). Reduction of cortisol levels and participants’ responses following art making. Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy, 33 (2), 74–80.
Karahan, A. Y. & İslam, S. (2013). Fiziksel engelli çocuk ve yaşlı hastalara bakım verme yükü üzerine bir karşılaştırma çalışması. Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 1–7. Https://Doi.Org/10.5455/Musbed.20130210095507
Kaya Göktepe, A. (2015). Ruhunu İyileştir…Sanat Terapi. Nesil Basım Yayın, İstanbul.
Kayama, M., Haight, W., Ku, M. L. M., Cho, M. & Lee, H. Y. (2017). East Asian and US educators’ reflections on how stigmatization affects their relationships with parents whose children have disabilities: Challenges and solutions. Children and Youth Services Review, 73, 128–144. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Childyouth.2016.12.010
Khodabakhshi Koolaee, A., Vazifehdar, R., Bahari, F. & Akbari, M. Esmaeil. (2016). Impact of painting therapy on aggression and anxiety of children with cancer. Caspian Journal of Pediatrics, 2(2), 135–141.
Kırbaş, Z. Ö. & Özkan, H. (2013). Down sendromlu çocukların annelerinin aile işlevlerini algılama ve sosyal destek düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastanesi Dergisi, 3(3), 171–180. Https://Doi.Org/10.5222/Buchd.2013.171
Kim, S. K. (2013). A randomized, controlled study of the effects of art therapy on older Korean-Americans’ healthy aging. Arts in Psychotherapy, 40(1), 158–164. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Aip.2012.11.002
Kuşaklioğ, R., Çelik, O., & Eren, N. (2019). Yaşamdan kareler toplama : Fotoğraf terapinin işlevi. Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyonunda Yaratıcı Sanat Psikoterapileri, 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri, 34–38.
Lee, M. H., Park, C., Alicia, M. & Hsieh, K. (2017). Differences in physical health, and health behaviors between familiy caregivers of children with and without disabilities. Disability and Health Journal, 10, 565–570.
Lee, J. H. (2021). Effectiveness of group art therapy for mothers of children with disabilities. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 73, 101754.
Lee, S., & Peng, M. (2017). The effects of group art therapy on mothers of children with special educational needs. Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association, 34(1), 12–19.
Mcconnell, D., Savage, A., & Breitkreuz, R. (2014). Resilience in families raising children with disabilities and behavior problems. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(4), 833–848. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ridd.2014.01.015
Miodrag, N., & Hodapp, R. (2010). Chronic stress and health among parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 23(5), 407–411. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833a8796
Miranda, A., Mira, A., Berenguer, C., Rosello, B., & Baixauli, I. (2019). Parenting stress in mothers of children with autism without intellectual disability. Mediation of behavioral problems and coping strategies. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 437799.
Muir, K. & Strnadová, I. (2014). Whose responsibility? Resilience in Families of children with developmental disabilities. Disability and Society, 29(6), 922–937. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/09687599.2014.886555
Mutlu, H. S.& Kanat, S. (2019). Tıp eğitiminde farklı bir yaklaşım: Seramikle düşlemeler. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 42–54. Https://Doi.Org/10.17679/İnuefd.427615
Özsavran, M., & Ayyıldız, T. K. (2023). The effect of mandala art therapy on the comfort and resilience levels of mothers who have children with special needs: A randomized controlled study. Child: Care, Health and Development, 49(6), 1032-1045.
Parsıl, Ü., (2012): Sanatta Yaratıcılık, An Kitap, İstanbul.
Paster, A., Brandwein, D. & Walsh, J. (2009). A comparison of coping strategies used by parents of children with disabilities and parents of children without disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30, 1337–1342
Patterson, S., Debate, J., Anju, S., Waller, D. & Crawford, M. J. (2011). Provision and practice of art therapy for people with schizophrenia: Results of a national survey. Journal of Mental Health, 20(4), 328–335. Https://Doi.Org/10.3109/09638237.2011.556163
Peer, J. W. & Hillman, S. B. (2014). Stress and resilience for parents of children with ıntellectual and developmental disabilities: A review of key factors and recommendations for practitioners. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 11(2), 92–98. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Jppi.12072
Permatasari, AE, Marat, S., & Suparman, MY (2017). Application of art therapy to reduce depression in the elderly in Nursing Home X. Muara Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, 1(1), 116–126.
Philpott, L.F., Leahy-Warren, P., FitzGerald, S., & Savage, E. (2017). Stress in fathers in the perinatal period: systematic review. Midwifery, pp. 55, 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.09.016
Riley, S. (2001). Group pross made visible: Group art therapy. Philadelphia: PA: Brunner- Routledge.
Safe, A., Joosten, A., & Molineux, M. (2012). The experiences of mothers of children with autism: Managing multiple roles. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 37 (4), 294–302. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2012.736614
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