Turbulence Models For Computational Fluid Dynamics

Turbulent fluid flow is a very complicated natural phenomenon from the viewpoint of both understanding and analysis. Therefore, in turbulent motion studies, besides the theoretical analysis, statistical and empirical correlation methods must also be resorted to. The most fluid flows encountered in industry, especially in aeronautics, and civil, environmental, mechanical, and chemical engineering are turbulent and many phenomena, such as heat or mass transfer, are intimately linked to the fluid motion. In spite of the variety of experimental works on the structure of turbulent flows have so far been conducted, the fundamental mechanisms in turbulence phenomenon still remain incompletely clarified and many problems remain open.