Alternatif Bir Tedavi Seçeneği Olarak Endokron Restorasyonlar
Özet
Endodontik tedavi görmüş dişler, yapısal madde kaybı, giriş kavitesi preperasyonu ve dentin yapısındaki fiziksel-hidrolik değişimler nedeniyle vital dişlere kıyasla daha yüksek kırılma riskine ve azalan viskoelastik özelliklere sahiptir. Geleneksel olarak uygulanan post-kron restorasyonları kök kanalını zayıflatıp kırık riskini artırabilirken, adeziv diş hekimliğinin gelişmesiyle ortaya çıkan endokronlar makro retantif elemanlara ihtiyaç duymadan, pulpa odası ve kavite kenarlarına mikromekanik olarak bağlanarak monoblok bir yapı oluşturur. Özellikle kısa kron boyuna sahip, aşırı madde kaybı olan veya eğimli/kalsifiye kök kanalları sebebiyle post yerleştirilemeyen posterior dişlerde endokronlar; düşük maliyet, kısa klinik süre, minimum invaziv yaklaşım, yüksek estetik ve çiğneme kuvvetlerine karşı üstün kırılma direnci gibi önemli avantajlar sunar.
Endodontically treated teeth possess a higher risk of fracture and diminished viscoelastic properties compared to vital teeth due to structural substance loss, access cavity preparation, and physical-hydraulic alterations within the dentin structure. While traditionally applied post-core restorations can weaken the root canal and elevate fracture risks, endocrowns, emerging through advancements in adhesive dentistry, create a monoblock structure by micromechanically bonding to the pulp chamber and cavity margins without requiring macro-retentive elements. Particularly in posterior teeth with short clinical crowns, extensive substance loss, or curved/calcified root canals that preclude post placement, endocrowns offer substantial advantages, including low cost, reduced clinical time, minimally invasive preparation, excellent aesthetics, and superior fracture resistance against masticatory forces.
Referanslar
Basaran ET, Gokce Y. Evaluation of the influence of various restoration techniques on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth with different cavity wall thicknesses. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice; 2019; 22: 328-334. DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_346_18
Harsha MS, Praffulla M, Babu MR, et al. The effect of cavity design on fracture resistance and failure pattern in monolithic zirconia partial coverage restorations—an in vitro study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research; 2017; 11: 45-48. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/25305.9856
Schwartz RS, Robbins JW. Post placement and restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. Journal of Endodontics; 2004; 30: 289-301. DOI: 10.1097/00004770-200405000-00001
Dietschi D, Duc O, Krejci I, et al. Biomechanical considerations for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth: a systematic review of the literature, Part II (Evaluation of fatigue behavior, interfaces, and in vivo studies). Quintessence International; 2008; 39: 117-129.
Bolla M, Muller-Bolla M, Borg C, et al. Root canal posts for the restoration of root-filled teeth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 2007: CD004623. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004623.pub2
Fedorowicz Z, Carter B, de Souza RF, et al. Single crowns versus conventional fillings for the restoration of root filled teeth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 2012: CD009109. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009109.pub2
Girotto LPS, Dotto L, Pereira GKR, et al. Restorative preferences and choices of dentists and students for restoring endodontically treated teeth: a systematic review of survey studies. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry; 2021; 126: 489-489. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.07.005
Dotto L, Girotto LPS, Silva Sousa YTC, et al. Factors influencing the clinical performance of the restoration of endodontically treated teeth: An assessment of systematic reviews of clinical studies. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry; 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.03.030
Asmussen E, Peutzfeldt A, Sahafi A. Finite element analysis of stresses in endodontically treated, dowel-restored teeth. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry; 2008; 94: 321-329. DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2005.07.003
Ma OS, Nicholls JI, Junge T, et al. Load fatigue of teeth with different ferrule lengths, restored with fiber posts, composite resin cores, and all ceramic crowns. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry; 2009; 102: 229-234. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3913(09)60159-1
Zarow M, Devoto W, Saracinelli M. Reconstruction of endodontically treated posterior teeth - with or without post? Guidelines for the dental practitioner. European Journal of Esthetic Dentistry; 2009; 4: 312-327.
Govare N, Contrepois M. Endocrowns: A systematic review. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry; 2020 Mar; 123(3): 411-418.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.04.009.
Ross IF. Fracture susceptibility of endodontically treated teeth. Journal of Endodontics; 1980; 6: 560-565. DOI: 10.1016/S0099-2399(80)80151-8
Goodacre CJ, Spolnik KJ. The prosthodontic management of endodontically treated teeth: a literature review. Part I. Success and failure data, treatment concepts. Journal of Prosthodontics; 1994; 3: 243-250. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.1994.tb00162.x
Sorensen JA, Engelman MJ. Effect of post adaptation on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry; 1990; 64: 419-424. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(90)90037-d
Soares CJ, Santana FR, Silva NR, et al. Influence of the endodontic treatment on mechanical properties of root dentin. Journal of Endodontics; 2007; 33: 603-606. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2007.01.016
Assif D, Gorfil C. Biomechanical considerations in restoring endodontically treated teeth. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry; 1994; 71: 565-567. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(94)90438-3
Reeh ES, Messer HH, Douglas WH. Reduction in tooth stiffness as a result of endodontic and restorative procedures. Journal of Endodontics; 1989; 15(11): 512-516. DOI: 10.1016/S0099-2399(89)80191-8
Tartari T, Bachmann L, Zancan RF, et al. Analysis of the effcts o several decalcifying agents alone and in combination with sodium hypochlorite on the chemical composition of dentin. International Endodontic Journal; 2018; 51: 42–54. DOI: 10.1111/iej.12764
Kim HC, Chung GS, Lee CJ, et al. Potential relationship between design of nickel-titanium rotary instruments and vertical root fracture. Journal of Endodontics; 2008; 34(6): 743-747. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.02.010
Adorno CG, Yoshioka T, Suda H. The effect of root preparation technique and instrumentation length on the development of apical root cracks. Journal of Endodontics; 2009; 35(3): 389-392. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.12.008.
Saleh AA, Ettman WM. Effect of endodontic irrigation solutions on microhardness of root canal dentine. Journal of Dentistry; 1999; 27: 43–46. DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5712(98)00018-9
Grigoratos D , Knowles J, Ng YL, et al. Effect of exposing dentine to sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide on its flexural strength and elastic modulus. International Endodontic Journal; 2001; 34(2): 113-119. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00356.x.
Kishen A; Asundi A. Experimental investigation on the role of water in the mechanical behavior of structural dentine. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research; 2005; 73, 192–200. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30288
Kishen A, Vedantam S. Hydromechanics in dentine: role of dentinal tubules and hydrostatic pressure on mechanical stress-strain distribution. Dental Materials; 2007; 23, 1296–1306. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2006.11.018
Yan W, Montoya C, Oilo M; et al. Reduction in fracture resistance of the root with aging. Journal of Endodontics; 2017; 43: 1494–1498. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.04.020
Kishen A. Biomechanics of fractures in endodontically treated teeth. Endodontic Topics; 2015; 33: 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/etp.12089
Pashley DH. Dentin permeability. In: LSW, S. (Ed.) Experimental endodontics. CRC Press; 1990. p. 20–46.
Arola D, Reprogel RK. Effects of aging on the mechanical behavior of human dentin. Biomaterials; 2005; 26: 4051–4061. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.10.029
Nadeau B, Chen Z, Kishen A. Free water loss-induced heterogeneous residual strain and reduced fatigue resistance in root dentine: a 3-dimensional digital image correlation analysis. Journal of Endodontics; 2019; 45: 742–749. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.03.012
Patel S, Bhuva B, Bose R. Present status and future directions: Vertical root fractures in root filled teeth. International Endodontic Journal; 2022; 55: 804–826. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13737
Li FC, Nicholson E, Singh CV, et al. Microtissue engineering root dentin with photodynamically cross-linked nanoparticles improves fatigue resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Journal of Endodontics; 2020; 46: 668–674. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.021
Rashidi H, Yang J, Shakesheff KM. Surface engineering of synthetic polymer materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Biomaterials Science; 2014; 2: 1318–1331. doi: 10.1039/c3bm60330j
Fawzy AS, Nitisusanta LI, Iqbal K, et al. Riboflavin as a dentin crosslinking agent: ultraviolet a versus blue light. Dental Materials; 2012; 28, 1284–1291. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.09.009
Sung HW, Chang Y, Chiu CT, et al. Crosslinking characteristics and mechanical properties of a bovine pericardium fixed with a naturally occurring crosslinking agent. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research; 1999; 47: 116–126. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199911)47:2<116::aid-jbm2>3.0.co;2-j
Kishen A, Shrestha S, Shrestha A, et al. Characterizing the collagen stabilizing effect of crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles against collagenase degradation. Dental Materials; 2016; 32: 968–977. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.05.005
Helfer AR, Melnick S, Schilder H. Determination of the moisture content of vital and pulp less teeth. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology; 1972; 34: 661–670.
Sedgley CM, Messer HH. Are endodontically treatedteeth more brittle? Journal of Endodontics; 1992; 18: 332–335.
Papa J, Cain C, Messer HH. Moisture content of vital vs endodontically treated teeth. Endodonitcs & Dental Traumatology; 1994; 10: 91–93.
Rivera EM , Yamauchi M. Site comparisons of dentine collagen cross-links from extracted human teeth. Archives of Oral Biology; 1993; 38(7): 541-546. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(93)90118-6.
Huang TJ, Schilder H, Nathanson D. Effects of moisture content and endodontic treatment on some mechanical properties of human dentin. Journal of Endodontics; 1992; 18: 209–215.
Asundi A, Kishen A. Digital photoelastic investigationson the tooth-bone interface. Journal of Biomedical Optics; 2001; 6: 224–230.
Chang CY KJ, Lin YS, et al. Fracture resistance and failure modes of CEREC endocrowns and conventional post and core-supported CEREC crowns. Journal of Dental Sciences; 2009; 4(3): 110-117.
Sevimli G, Cengiz S, Oruç MS. Endocrowns: Review. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry; 2015; 49(2): 57-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.71363
Lander E, Dietschi D. Endocrowns: A clinical report. Quintessence International; 2008; 39(2): 99-106.
Reeh ES, Douglas WH, Messer HH. Stiffness of endodontically-treated teeth related to restoration technique. Journal of Dental Research; 1989; 68(11): 1540-1544.
Oliveira Fde C, Denehy GE, Boyer DB. Fracture resistance of endodontically prepared teeth using various restorative materials. The Journal of the American Dental Association; 1987; 115(1): 57-60.
Reeh ES, Messer HH, Douglas WH. Reduction in tooth stiffness as a result of endodontic and restorative procedures. Journal of Endodontics; 1989; 15(11): 512- 516.
Silva AA , Belladonna FG, Rover G , et al. Does ultraconservative access affect the efficacy of root canal treatment and the fracture resistance of two-rooted maxillary premolars? International Endodontic Journal; 2020; 53(2): 265-275. doi: 10.1111/iej.13219.
Sabeti M,, Kazem M, Dianat O, et al. Impact of access cavity design and root canal taper on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth: An ex vivo investigation. Journal of Endodontics; 2018; 44(9): 1402-1406. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.05.006.
Zhang Y, Liu Y, She Y, et al. The effect of endodontic access cavities on fracture resistance of first maxillary molar using the extended finite element method. Journal of Endodontics; 2019; 45(3): 316-321. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.12.006.
Plotino G, Grande NM, Isufi A , et al. Fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth with different access cavity designs. Journal of Endodontics; 2017; 43(6): 995-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.01.022.
Mustafa M, AlJeaidi ZA, AlQahtani AR, et al. Comparative analysis of fracture strength of remaining tooth structure after endodontic treatment with various access cavity preparation techniques. Open Dentistry Journal; 2020;14(1):681-686 doi: 10.2174/1874210602014010681
Peroz I, Blankenstein F, Lange K, et al. Restoring endodontically treated teeth with posts and cores-a review. Quintessence International; 2005; 36(9): 737-746.
Faria AC, Rodrigues RC, de Almeida Antunes RP, et al. Endodontically treated teeth: Characteristics and considerations to restore them. Journal of Prosthodontic Research; 2011; 55(2): 69- 74.
Trope M, Ray HL. Resistance to fracture of endodontically treated roots. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology; 1992; 73(1): 99-102.
Krejci I, Stavridakis M. New perspectives on dentin adhesion--differing methods of bonding. Practical Periodontics and Aesthetic Dentistry; 2000; 12(8): 727- 732.
Dietschi D, Spreafico R. Current clinical concepts for adhesive cementation of tooth-colored posterior restorations. Practical Periodontics and Aesthetic Dentistry; 1998; 10(1): 47-54.
Cathro PR, Chandler NP, Hood JA. Impact resistance of crowned endodontically treated central incisors with internal composite cores. Endodontics & Dental Traumatology; 1996; 12(3): 124-128.
Cho GC. Evidence-based approach for treatment planning options for the extensively damaged dentition. Journal of the California Dental Association; 2004; 32(12): 983- 990.
Mordohai N, Reshad M, Jivraj SA. To extract or not to extract? Factors that affect individual tooth prognosis. Journal of the California Dental Association; 2005; 33(4): 319- 328.
Kishen A. Mechanisms and risk factors for fracture predilection in endodontically treated teeth Endodontic Topics; 2006; 13: 57-83.
Biacchi GR, Basting RT. Comparison of fracture strength of endocrowns and glass fiber postretained conventional crowns. Operative Dentistry; 2012; 37(2): 130-136.
Robbins JW. Restoration of the endodontically treated tooth. Dental Clinics of North America; 2002; 46(2): 367-384.
Christensen GJ. Posts: Necessary or unnecessary? The Journal of the American Dental Association; 1996; 127(10): 1522-1524, 1526.
Gohring TN, Peters OA. Restoration of endodontically treated teeth without posts. American Journal of Dentistry; 2003; 16(5): 313-317.
Guzy GE, Nicholls JI. In vitro comparison of intact endodontically treated teeth with and without endo-post reinforcement. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry; 1979; 42(1): 39-44.
Zarone F, Sorrentino R, Apicella D, et al. Evaluation of the biomechanical behavior of maxillary central incisors restored by means of endocrowns compared to a natural tooth: A 3d static linear finite elements analysis. Dental Materials; 2006; 22(11): 1035-1044.
Pierrisnard L, Bohin F, Renault P, et al. Corono-radicular reconstruction of pulpless teeth: A mechanical study using finite element analysis. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry; 2002; 88(4): 442-448.
Krejci I, Duc O, Dietschi D, et al. Marginal adaptation, retention and fracture resistance of adhesive composite restorations on devital teeth with and without posts. Operative Dentistry; 2003; 28(2): 127-135.
Heydecke G, Butz F, Strub JR. Fracture strength and survival rate of endodontically treated maxillary incisors with approximal cavities after restoration with different post and core systems: An in-vitro study. Journal of Dentistry; 2001; 29(6): 427-433.
Ellis SG, McCord JF, Burke FJ. Predisposing and contributing factors for complete and incomplete tooth fractures. Dental Update; 1999; 26: 150–152, 156–158.
Braly BV, Maxwell EH. Potential for tooth fracture in restorative dentistry. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry; 1981; 45: 411–414.
Gher ME Jr, Dunlap RM, Anderson MH, et al. Clinical survey of fractured teeth. The Journal of the American Dental Association; 1987; 114: 174–177.
Lagouvardos P, Sourai P, Douvitsas G. Coronal fractures in posterior teeth. Operative Dentistry; 1989; 14: 28–32.
Patel DK, Burke FJ. Fractures of posterior teeth: a review and analysis of associated factors. Primary Dental Care; 1995: 2: 6–10.
Pietrokovski J, Lantzman E. Complicated crown fractures in adults. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry; 1973; 30: 801–807.
Van Meerbeek B, Perdigao J, Lambrechts P, et al. The clinical performance of adhesives. Journal of Dentistry; 1998; 26(1): 1-20.
Lin CL, Chang YH, Pai CA. Evaluation of failure risks in ceramic restorations for endodontically treated premolar with mod preparation. Dental Materials; 2011; 27(5): 431-438.
Bindl A, Richter B, Mormann WH. Survival of ceramic computer-aided design/manufacturing crowns bonded to preparations with reduced macro retention geometry. International Journal of Prosthodontics; 2005; 18(3): 219-224.
Pissis P. Fabrication of a metal-free ceramic restoration utilizing the monobloc technique. Practical Periodontics and Aesthetic Dentistry; 1995; 7(5): 83-94.
Bindl A, Mormann WH. Clinical evaluation of adhesively placed cerec endo-crowns after 2 years--preliminary results. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry; 1999; 1(3): 255-265.
Dejak B, Mlotkowski A. 3d-finite element analysis of molars restored with endocrowns and posts during masticatory simulation. Dental Materials; 2013; 29(12): 309-317.
Magne P, Carvalho A, Bruzi G, et al. Influence of no-ferrule and no-post buildup design on the fatigue resistance of endodontically treated molars restored with resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM crowns. Operative Dentistry; 2014; 39: 595-602.
Forberger N, Göhring TN. Influence of the type of post and core on in vitro marginal continuity, fracture resistance, and fracture mode of lithium disilicate-based all-ceramic crowns. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry; 2008; 100: 264-273.
Tuncer D, Çelik Ç, Yamanel K, et al. 1 year clinical evaluation of microhybrid composites used in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions. Oral Health and Dental Management; 2014; 13: 366-371.
